Libris Britannia 4/science library(b).zip/science library(b)/ELECTRON/PCB_DESI/H027.ZIP/MANUEL.EXE/lha/MANUAL.DOC

Text File | 1991-10-01 | 205KB | 5,358 lines

COPYRIGHT LAYO1 Peter Baas 1984,1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1989, 1990, 1991


  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
  │  THERE ARE SOME CHANGEMENTS COMPARED TO THIS MANUAL. READ: README.DOC  │
  │  FIRST.  THE F1-HELP-KEY ON THE (Esc)POP-MENU-LINES BEFORE TYPING ENTER│
  │  IS UPDATED   (READ OTHER DOC FILES ALSO LIKE QUICKREF and STRUCTURE  !│
  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘



    THIS TEXT IS DIRECTLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE VENTURA MANUAL FILE
        OF COURSE THE DESIGNS WERE NOT EXPORTED TO THIS FILE
               SO THE TEXT MAY SOMETIMES BE STRANGE !


1.1 Introduction to Layo1

   Layo1 is a vector-based PCB designer for the electronic engineer.
   It makes it possible to simply and quickly design electronic PCBs
   (printed circuit boards), to a maximum size of 650 x 650 mm (22.5
   x 22.5 inch), with a resolution of 1/1280 inch ( mm). This accuracy
   is made possible by the mouse (or cursor) operating on a grid that
   is adjustable, even while designing, from 1 to 1/1280 inch. Thus,
   tracks, pads, components and texts can be placed with great accuracy.

What is Layo1?

   Actually Layo1 works in exactly the same way as PCBs have been made
   for years ... all components, pads, tracks and texts had to be drawn
   or pasted. This procedure required separate drawings for all layers
   that were later to be joined together very carefully. A job that took
   a lot of time and precision: each mistake could be disastrous. If
   later any changes were necessary, the best idea usually was to start
   all over again. Layo1 works in much the same way, but it is many times
   faster, easier and more accurate. Changes are no problem for Layo1,
   and in the databank there are hundreds of ready-to-use components
   that you can simply add on to your design.

How does Layo1 work?

   Think of a manually controlled plotter that has a memory and remembers
   each move you make, each trace and each pad that you draw. It does
   not only remember all you draw, but also the pen diameter, the coordinates,
   and the layer. All this information is displayed on Layo1's screen
   and is stored in so-called datalines. A dataline could
   contain (encoded) information like:

   Starting coordinate, pen diameter, layer number.

   With Layo1 you need not draw pads and countless components yourself.
   You make a selection of what you need and then just point at where
   you want it. For pads you can specify the tool diameter that you require
   straight away, for later, when everything is ready and done, Layo1
   will also control the drilling machine for you. Each pad placed means
   another dataline added to the file. This dataline contains:

   Coordinate, pad number and tool number.

   If at a later stage any changes are necessary, you just make them
   on the screen and Layo1 will adjust the relevant datalines. Thus,
   tracks can be adjusted and whole parts of your design can be moved
   or rotated to make up a perfect design. When moving parts of your
   design about, all tracks will simply be pulled along.

   In Layo1 you can work on fifteen layers. This makes it possible for
   you to design multi-layer prints. You can use these
   layers to store all information of your electronic circuit in separate
   layers, such as tracks, component profiles, electronic diagram, etc.

   The following example will show how Layo1 works and how Layo1 stores
   everything you draw on-screen with the mouse.

s
   1. A pad is placed. Its coordinate, the pad number and the relevant
   tool number are stored in the first dataline.

Ins
Ins arrow Ins

   2. More pads are placed.

Esc

   3. The pen is activated in the position of the first pad. This is
   also stored in a dataline by Layo1.

t

   4. A track is drawn between the two pads with the mouse. It is stored
   in the dataline, together with the pen number and the layer number.

   By making this drawing you have created a four line program which
   will be the basis of later output to printer, (photo)plotter and drilling
   machine.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2 Drawing with Layo1

   As you can see from the previous example, drawing with Layo1 is a
   much simpler procedure than with pen and ruler. Using Layo1's drawing
   function you can draw with 7 line widths (t p) that are carefully tuned
   to current technical standards. Layo1 makes for pleasant work, quick
   as lightning, extremely accurate.

   For the display of a 160 x 100 mm euroboard as a color picture the
   resolution of the screen (zoom factor 4) is exactly 1/80 inch per
   pixel. Starting from 1/80 inch (0.3175 mm) with 2/80 inch intervals,
   your thickest <169>pen<170> is 13/80 inch (4.1275 mm). To ensure the
   most accurate display on screen the best procedure is using the 1/80
   inch grid as much as possible (this stepsize can be adjusted at any
   time in Layo1). This is because in electronics the inch is still the
   predominant unit of measure. That is why there is always an auxiliary
   1/10 inch grid available for you on Layo1's screen.

Millimeters
   However, in Layo1 you can also work in millimeters. So, Layo1 is equipped
   with two complete measuring systems. This makes it possible for you
   to switch from inches to metric units at almost any time. There are
   six different rulers available for you and all of them are kept up-to-date
   for fast and easy pinpoint positioning.

>  This toglle key for squares will follow the mm stepsize if the m-key is used
   but you have to toggle again after m.

.  This toglle key for Grid gives the Inch grid at all times


Status line
   Layo1's status line continuously displays the current cursor coordinates
   in 0.001 inches and 0.01 millimeters in the top right corner of the
   screen.
   Internally the Layo1 program uses steps of 1/1280 inch (0.01984370 mm)!

Stepsize
   While working you can select ten different stepsizes which you can
   define for yourself if you like and which are then stored for you
   by Layo1. The measuring system of Layo1 (r key)is so powerful and versatile
   that it is possible to position the cursor on exactly 12.5 mm, then
   switch to <->inches to place pads, traces and components in steps
   of 1/40 inch relative to the 12.5 mm. The reverse is also possible,
   of course.

Simple control
   All these possibilities and numerous others only take a keystroke
   or a mouse command in Layo1. For Layo1's most important characteristic
   is simplicity. Powerful functions that do the routine jobs for you,
   quickly and accu<->rately, so that you can indeed use your creativity
   in your PCB design.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3 Layo1 in practice

   The first time that you use Layo1 you may wish to supplement the library
   with special components that are not yet available, and with subdrawings
   that you frequently require, e.g. power supply sections.


   First you use a scheme designer
   a) OrCAD SDT) to make a scheme, of which you then make up a Calay compatible netlist and
   component list.
   b) with your text editor; see the exemples CMP and NET
   c) in Layo graphic editor with F3 and Edit NET)
    If the scheme contains any components
   that are not yet available in Layo1's component databank
   you must add them now. In this case the library (LIB) must
   also be supplemented, so that Layo1 will know what components are
   referred to in the component list.

   Layo1 is started up and a new file is created. You give a name
   to the New design, decide on its dimensions and offset, and you specify
   the hole diameters that you require. In the configuration menu you
   specify the name  of the component list, netlist and the library file in User    Menu)

   When everything is ready and done, Layo1 will go to work for
   you. It will read the component list, scan for the components in the
   Layo1 component databank via the library and put them in place.

   THERE ARE MANY EXEMPLES LIB IN \LIB\. YOU MAY GIVE THEM A TRY BUT IF
   THE MESSAGE "NOT FOUND" IS DISPLAID TO OFTEN YOU HAVE TO CREATE A SECOND
   LIB CONTAINING THE COMPONENTS WRITTEN BY LAYO IN NAME.LST
   (ERRORS) and PLACE THIS LIB ON TOP IN THE LIST IN THE USER MENU
   line: LIBRARIES


   Next,
   the netlist with all connections will be read and Layo1 will generate
   the rats<->nest. Once all this is on your screen, you can still move
   or rotate the components, if necessary, to bring the distribution
   to perfection. Once everything is to your satisfaction, you start
   to place the traces.

   You can follow three procedures to do so:

   - Manualy, using Layo1s powerful editor-functions

   - Manual router

   - Netlist router

Manual
   Using the Layo1 Editor you can easily switch between the major functions
   by just pressing one or more mouse buttons: placing pads and components
   and drawing traces. This way you do all the drawing yourself, while
   Layo1 checks for you if all connections are made in the right way.

Manual router
   Using the Autorouter of Layo1, you simply point at the points that
   have to be connected, and Layo1 will do so for you. If you do not
   like the Autorouter's solution, you can interfere and change the trace
   in any way you want to .

Netlist router
   You can set up Layo1' netlist router exactly the way you want
   it to work. Depending on the type of design you are working on you
   can set the router to use regular patterns of traces (i.e. for RAM-boards
   or RAM-sections). You can specify whether or not the router should
   use vias to make any connection. Furthermore you can use the Lee-router
   (using Lee's algoritm) that will find practically any possible connection.
   You can also limit the space that the router can use and the maximum
   deviation. Netlist router is one of Layo1's important powertools,
   which lets you leave the tedious work to the computer.

   Next, you activate Layo1's optimizer that will transform all square
   angles in lines into neat 45° angles. If the autorouter has not
   done so already. And now your design is ready for you: made in no
   time with a few simple keystrokes, without any time-consuming manual
   work. And finally, using the Layo1 Editor, you put the finishing touches
   to your design.

   Now that your design is ready you can send it to the plotter or photoplotter
   and you can create a complete drill program on disk or papertape.
   As a check, you can make a checkplot on a matrix printer at any stage.
   Doing so, you can specify which of the 16 layers are to be printed
   or not.


100 percent MANUAL WORK

   Working with Layo1, the first thing you usually do is loading the
   components from the Layo1 databank and placing them. It is also possible
   to load subdrawings of frequently used elements. All these parts can
   be moved and rotated until the distribution is entirely to your satisfaction.
   Next, the traces can be drawn. This can be done manually using the
   Layo1 Editor, as was described above for Layo1. It can also be
   done with the help of the Layo1 router: you simply point
   at the two points that have to be connected and Layo1 will find the
   shortest route between them (without vias). Once all tracks have been
   drawn the optimizer will transform all square angles in the lines
   into neat 45° angles. If the autorouter has not done so already.

   Once your design is ready you can make a checkplot on a matrix printer
   or laser printer or you can plot it to the scale you require on a
   penplotter straight away or you can make it into a file for a photoplotter.
   You can also create the drill program on disk or papertape now.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.4 This manual

   This manual has been written with the utmost care. It is intended
   to quickly make the Layo1 user, beginning and advanced alike, familiar
   with the many (new) possibilities that the program has to offer. The
   main idea has been to structure the manual in the same way as the
   program in order to make it as accessible as possible. The publisher
   welcomes all comments from users on the contents and structure of
   this manual.

   Layo France will in no event be liable for any errors in both program
   and manual nor for any incidental or consequential damages.

Read.me
   In as much as this is possible, recent amendments will be supplied
   as a READ.ME file on the program disk. Should such a file be present
   on your system disk, please read it and, if you like, print it.

Layo1

   This manual goes with Layo1 as well as Layo1. For Layo1 you can
   also read Layo1 unless otherwise stated. The extra facilities
   offered by Layo1 are clearly indicated.

Keystrokes

   In the text you will find symbols or frequent keystrokes in bold print,
   such as function-key F1 or Enter or c. In these
   cases simply pressing key F1, Enter or CR (carriage
   return) or small letter c will be enough. Where combinations
   of two keys are referred to, the first of which usually is Shift
   (capital letters), Alt or Ctrl (Control), the idea is
   to hold the first key down until the second key has been pressed.
   An example, Shift F1: hold down the Shift key (capitals)
   and strike function-key F1.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.5 Mouse control

   The best way to operate Layo1 is by way of a mouse with three keys.
   The functions of the mouse-keys and their combinations may vary dependent
   on the application and menu option in the Layo1 Editor. The best way
   to familiarize yourself with these particular functions is pressing
   F1 in different situations. This will display a complete overview
   of all mouse functions at that particular moment.

   Although the use of mouse-keys is variable, there is a consistency
   to it:

   Left mouse-key: stands for <169>do<170>. Sometimes
   literally so, usually figuratively ... Thus, it may stand for <169>OK,
   go ahead<170>. It will activate a selection or it will add something,
   working as a kind of Enter or insert key.

   Right mouse-key: stands for <169>stop<170>. Sometimes
   literally so, usually figuratively ... Thus, it may mean <169>No,
   don't<170> and <169>Go back to the previous option. It will then quit
   from an option already activated and/or will take you back to the
   main menu, then functioning as the Escape-key.

   Middle mouse-key: in all respects it is in-between
   the left and right ones. In menu selections it often works as a <169>pointer<170>.
   It is used to point at something, to select or to center. While drawing
   and so on it activates the zoom function, offering a choice from the
   various zoom factors (enlarging or reducing the picture on display).

Zoom
   When zooming, the picture on display is either enlarged or reduced,
   with the current cursor position as the center point. This is very
   convenient whenever you want to move the drawing on the screen a bit
   ... with the help of the mouse you place the cursor over the new center
   point, press the middle mouse-key once to activate the zoom function
   and once again to maintain the current zoom factor ... the picture
   has now been moved with the cursor <->position as the center point
   of the picture.

   Double-clicking the zoom-button will center your design on screen
   (if corners have beeen placed) and adapt the zoom factor in such a
   way that your entire design will fit on screen.

Yes/no <->mouses
   Combinations of two or three mouse-keys have different meanings dependent
   on the active function, but they are always consistent with the mouse-logic
   as described above. Thus, pressing the two left mouse-keys always
   stands for yes or plus, pressing the two right mouse-keys
   for no or minus whenever you are asked for a yes/no or
   +/- decision. In this manual full information on the mouse-key functions
   will be given for all functions.

F1 in a certain mode AFTER ENTER ON THE MENU LINE = Help
      (REMEMBER TO USE F1 ALSO BEFORE TYPING ENTER ON THE MENULINES)

   While working with the Layo1 Editor, pressing F1
   is enough to see what exactly you can do with the mouse at that particular
   moment. Especially in the beginning this is a convenient memory aid;
   after a while you will be so familiar with Layo1's mouse control that
   you may even forget what F1 stand for.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.6 Hardware

   Layo1 requires PCDOS or MSDOS on an IBM or IBM-compatible XT/AT computer.
   Layo1 is not very demanding as to the hardware it requires:

Minimal requirements
   An XT 640 Kb personal computer or compatible, EGA video board, color
   screen, one floppy disk drive, one fixed disk, and one parallel printer
   port.

   If you want top performance and fast and easy handling, you will at
   least choose for:

Recom- mended:
   An AT (80386) personal computer or compatible, with at least 640 Kb
   RAM and 1 Mb extended memory (LIM standard/Lotus-Intel-Microsoft),
   one floppy disk drive, a fixed disk, a VGA (or compatible) video board,
   a VGA color screen and a mouse with three keys.

   In addition, a matrix printer (9 or 24 pins), a laser printer, and
   a penplotter are useful output devices.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.9 Layo1 software
Layo1

   Completely menu/mouse driven design program for complex PCBs to a
   maximum of 25,000 coordinates and 1,000 components per design, with
   the following extra <->facilities:

   Reading component and netlist from Calay compatible scheme designers
   such as OrCAD SDT.

   Autorouting from a netlist.

   Check-up on the connections according to the netlist.

   On installation this program is placed in the directory \LAYO1P. The
   program can be started up by typing LAYO1P from this directory.

Layo1 Junior

   All facilities of Layo1, but suitable for smaller and/or simpler
   PCBs to a maximum of 5,000 coordinates and 100 components per design.

   On installation this program is placed in the directory \LAYO1PJ.
   The program can be started up by typing LAYO1PJ from this directory.

Layo1 Demo

   Similar to Layo1, but only with a very limited component databank
   and to a maximum of 1,000 coordinates . On installation this program will be placed in the directory
   \LAYO1EE.

**************************************************************************


   After installation you will find that the following subdirectories
   have been created and filled with the relevant files:

   \LAYO1EE

   \LAYO1EE\CNF
   \LAYO1EE\LIB
   \LAYO1EE\CMP
   \LAYO1EE\NET

   \LAYO1\LMC\

   LAYO1EE\FNT

   \LAYO1EE\LML


   Dependent on the version of the program, LMC has been subdivided
   into several subdirectories.

Layo1 directory

   The directory name \LAYO1 depends on the version that you have bought
   and installed:

   \LAYO1EE     Layo1 Limited

   \LAYO1H    Layo1 DOUBLE

   \LAYO1Q    LAYO1 quadro

   \LAYO1PJ        Layo1 Junior

   \LAYO1P         Layo1


   From this point on in this manual we will always refer to the Layo1
   directory.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2 Starting up Layo1

===> Attention:
   To start up the Layo1 Demo version, please refer to the next
   section.

Mouse driver
   If necessary, load the mouse driver, please refer to the <->documentation
   of your mouse.

   Then type subsequently:

    C:

    CD\LAYO1

    LAYO1E

   After LAYO1 you must type H, Q,  PJ, or P, dependent on the Layo1
   version used. So, for Layo1 you type:

    C:

    CD\LAYO1P

    LAYO1P

   The C in the first command should be replaced by another letter
   if you have not installed Layo1 on fixed disk C:.

Configuration menu   Type LAYO1E /c
   Now, Layo1's configuration menu will be displayed where, among other
   things, you must specify the screen and printer used.

Getting to work straight away...

   If you should like to get to work with Layo1 straight away to get
   the feel of it, just select the correct video board parameters in
   the configuration menu and otherwise leave it as it is for the moment.
   You can always return to the configuration menu later (cf. section
   16). Layo1 starts from the assumption that you have an EGA screen.
   Should you have a VGA screen, you can adjust the Graph Mode setting
   by selecting the EGA option (H10) with your mouse and pressing the
   +-key twice: now H12 (VGA) will appear. You can reverse your selection
   by using the <196> key. The same goes for the setting of the resolution
   and the character height.

Layo1 Editor
   Once you have stored the specified configuration, Layo1's main menu
   will appear. Select the graphic editor and press the right mouse-key
   or the Enter key. Now Layo1's menu line will appear: select
   pad and then place.

Zoom
   Press the middle mouse-key which will call up the zoom menu line.
   Select 6 and press the left mouse-key. Try using some of the
   other zoom factors in the same way. During all of this procedure a
   pad will be attached to the cursor. Just put it wherever you want
   it and place it by pressing the left mouse-key.

Pad
   Do you want another pad? Select zoom factor 6 by pressing the
   middle mouse-key (or type z F6) and press the s-key or
   the two left mouse-keys once the menu has disappeared from the screen.
   Move the mouse and watch what happens at the cursor: the selected
   pad will be displayed immediately. Make your selection and confirm
   it by pressing the left mouse-key. Further on in this manual you will
   find out how to customise the sizes of the pads.

   When you are ready placing pads, press the right mouse-key or escape.
   This will call up the menu line again. Now select draw. A submenu
   will appear. Select draw again by pressing the left mouse-key.
   The menus will now disappear again. You are ready to start drawing.

Help: F1
   Now press the F1 key first ... you will find full information
   on the functions of the mouse-keys and their combinations. While working
   in Layo1's graphic editor you can always use the F1 key (unless
   there is a selection menu on-screen) for a quick look at the mouse-key
   functions. You can remove this quick-reference memory aid from the
   screen by pressing Escape or the right mouse-key.

Drawing
   Thus, the left mouse-key stands for drawing. Once you press it the
   pen will be put on the paper and you can draw lines and traces. See
   what happens when you move the mouse in a circular motion: the line
   will remain attached to the starting point, but it will follow the
   cursor and doing so will create horizontal, vertical and 45° diagonal
   lines. Now press the p-key and then F4 in order to adjust
   the pen diameter and see what happens. In this way Layo1 works on
   layers 1 ... 7 which are particularly suitable for the design of PCBs.
   Layers 8 ... 15 work in a different way: they are mainly meant for
   more general purposes, such as auxiliary lines, texts, circles, housings,
   etc. Just try a few things. Conclude your line by pressing the right
   mouse-key. The pen will be lifted up from the paper and the cursor
   is free.

Layers
   Now press the L-key and then the F8 key. Now you are on
   layer 8. Press the left mouse-key again in order to put the pen on
   paper and make a circular motion with your mouse. The line left by
   the pen is now thinner and, moreover, it will take any form without
   being forced into 90° or 45° angles.

Pen <->diameter
   Now switch back to layer 2 again and adjust the pen diameter by pressing
   the p-key and then the F5 key to select pen 5. Now try
   and do the same things as above.

Another exercise

   Go to a <169>clean<170> part of the screen and draw the line from
   the example hereunder on layer 1 or 2. Start at 1 by pressing the
   left mouse-key, place every corner with the left mouse-key and conclude
   your line at 6 by pressing the right mouse-key. The pen is now up.

   Now move the cursor to point 4 and press all mouse-keys simultaneously.
   Layo1 will make line-section 3 to 4 blink, asking whether that is
   the one you want.

   Confirm using the left mouse-key. The line-sections that connect at
   point 4 are now attached to the cursor like rubber bands: you can
   pull them in all directions.

   If you now press the delete-key, point (dataline) 4 will disappear
   and points 3 and 5 will be directly connected. Point 5 has now become
   point 4 and can be moved about with the cursor:

   Now make a new start in some other part of the screen. Again draw
   the line from 1 to 6 as described above, lift the pen from the paper
   at point 6 by pressing the right mouse-key. Place the cursor on point
   4, press all mouse-keys simultaneously (or use the =-key) and,
   when the line-section starts blinking, confirm by pressing the left
   mouse-key:

   Again the lines from and to point 4 are attached to the cursor. You
   can move point 4 in all directions. Now press the p-key and
   select pen 0 with the mouse by highlighting it and pressing
   the left mouse-key. Now the line from 3 to 4 is drawn with an <169>empty<170>
   pen

   In the same way a line can be drawn using different pen diameters.
   In the example above you would e.g. use pen 7 instead of pen 0:

Quitting

   Press the right mouse-key as often as is necessary to <->return to
   the menu line. Select FILE and go down the submenu to select QUIT.
   Now you exit from the graphic editor and return to Layo1's main menu.
   Meanwhile Layo1 will ask you whether you want to save your design.
   For the moment, select no.

Easy-to-use
   Trying out Layo1, you may now be getting the feel of how Layo1 works,
   but this is only a first impression of Layo1's many extensive possibilities.
   Layo1 is easy-to-use: in the same way in which you, as a beginner,
   were placing pads and drawing traces a moment ago, you can also load
   ready-to-use components, move, rotate and copy parts of your design,
   and automatically connect two points. And these are just a few of
   Layo1's many powerful functions.

Quick, easy and accurate
   All functions are extensively discussed in this manual, but you will
   soon find that working with Layo1 is quick, easy and accurate and
   that Layo1 gives you every chance to exploit your creativity and craftmanship
   to the fullest extent.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Mouse
   If you want work with Layo1 for yourself after the <->demonstration,
   you must first load the mouse driver before starting up. Please refer
   to the documentation of your mouse.


======================  Layo1 Editor

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Layo1 Editor introduction

   The interactive editor is the powerfully beating heart of the Layo1
   program. Everything that you draw on the screen with the help of the
   mouse is made into a data file by Layo1 that will later be able to
   control a (photo)plotter or a drilling machine. Moreover, everything
   in this file can be deleted or adjusted in the same interactive way.

   The Layo1 Editor enables you to create and store components and subdrawings
   and later use them for your print design. You can place pads, draw
   tracks or have them made by the Autorouter, add texts, etc.

   You can work on 15 layers with 16 definable pads at your disposal
   which can be placed on a sixteenth layer. You can choose from 7 definable
   pen diameters for the drawing of the tracks and 8 tool numbers for
   your drill program.

   While working you can move, delete, copy and rotate all components,
   pads and tracks.

Layo1
   Layo1 offers the extra facility of reading the net and component
   list that you have made with the help of a scheme designer beforehand.
   In this case practically all connections can be made by the Layo1
   Plus Netlist Autorouter.

Inches or millimeters
   You can choose to have your measures in inches or millimeters on the
   basis of an optional grid; you can adjust the cursor/mouse stepsize
   from 1 to 1/1280 inch.

Zoom
   You may at almost any time enlarge or reduce parts of your drawing
   on the screen by means of the middle mouse-key (zooming); the current
   cursor position is always taken for the new center point of the screen.

Autozoom: zz
   Double clicking the zoom button will instantly put your entire design
   (once corners have been placed) in the center of the screen.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 Components/subdrawings

   Apart from complete layouts for PCBs, Layo1 can also be used for the
   design of components and subdrawings (e.g. standard power supplies).

   There are important differences between layouts on the one hand and
   components and subdrawings on the other. This will be dealt with in
   greater detail in the subsequent sections, but it is important to
   make the distinction here and now.

Corners
   As long as no undamaged corners have been placed in a drawing to define
   the dimensions of your PCB, Layo1 will see your design as a component
   or a subdrawing. When saved on disk, the file will be stored under
   *.LMC The asterisk stands for the name specified by you
   (max. 8 characters).

Layo1 PLY FILE
   Layo1 will itself place the corners according to the dimensions
   that you specified in the CNF configuration menu of your design. A
   Layo1 design will be stored as *.PLY. Again, the asterisk
   stands for a name specified by you (max. 8 characters).

*.CNF
   Therefore, Layo1 has a fourth type of file: *.CNF. In this file
   all sorts of data concerning a design are stored via the PCB configuration
   menu. This menu will appear as soon as you want to create a Layo1
   Plus design.

   The *.CNF file will keep record of the sizes of the final PCB and
   its offset, the hole diameters of the different tool numbers, and
   in which (sub)directories the different relevant files are stored,
   such as *.LMC files, *.PLY files, the netlist, the component list
   and the different libraries. These libraries (*.LIB) contain
   the translation of the components from the scheme designer to the
   Layo1 component databank.

   Each designs CNF-file can be edited through OPTIONS in the menu line
   of Layo1 Editor and whenever some file can't be found or loaded when
   starting up, you'll probably will have to edit the CNF file to point
   to the right files an directories.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3 The menu

   This is what the menu line of the Layo1 Editor looks
   like:

   The mouse (or cursor) will take you to your option and
   pressing the left mouse-key (or Enter key) once will activate
   it. If you do not want to make a selection and want to return to Layo1's
   main menu, just press the right mouse-key (or Esc).

   When you are working with the Layo1 Editor and the Layo1
   menu line is not on-screen, you can return to this menu by pressing
   the right mouse-key (or Esc) once or twice. Pressing F1
   will display the exact function of each mouse-key or combination of
   mouse-keys within every operational mode.

   All menu options and their submenus will be dealt with in detail in
   subsequent sections. Here, we will just give an overview.

File
   This option will call up a submenu for saving, loading, <->renaming,
   and deleting particular files (layouts). Also, it features a directory
   function such as you know from DOS (dir), enabling you to scan directories
   and subdirectories on disks. Please refer to section 4: Layo1 Editor
   File.

Draw
   This option enables you to draw on the different layers. You may want
   to draw components or subdrawings, but it is equally possible to draw
   tracks, lines, rectangles, <->circles, and ellipses. Anything that
   is drawn in this way can also be deleted or adjusted within this menu
   option. Please refer to section 5: Layo1 Editor Draw.

Pad
   This option enables you to directly place, change, copy or delete
   the 16 definable Layo1 pads. For more <->details, please refer to
   section 6: Layo1 Editor Pad.

Autorouter
   The Autorouter is one of Layo1's powertools. It will connect almost
   any two points in your design quickly and effectively. In Layo1
   it is used to make all necessary connections automatically, based
   on a Netlist that was generated beforehand by using Calay compatible
   scheme design software such as OrCAD SDT. Layo1's Autorouter can be
   configured to perfectly suit the job and your needs and preferences.
   Section 7 tells you all about it.

Multi <->Function
   This option offers you a choice of four ways to edit a <->design and
   manipulate (parts of) it. This manipulation can take the form of copying,
   deleting, moving, or rotating parts of the drawing and of one or more
   lines of the data file that you have created while drawing. For detailed
   <->information, please refer to section 8: Layo1 Editor Multi Function.

Options
   This option hosts a number of important auxiliary tools of Layo1.
   They will be discussed in detail in section 9 (Layo1 Editor Options).
   It includes:

   Layo1 Toolbox offers a number of convenient facilities, enabling
   you to mirror your design, to move it away from the corner (offset),
   or to reduce or enlarge it to a different scale. You can also delete
   layers or move data from one layer to another.

   Drill group makes it possible to assign a particular tool number
   with corresponding tool diameter to a type of pad.

   Set grid puts all coordinates of pads placed and components
   and traces drawn on the set grid.

   Optimizing to transform all corners of tracks into 45° and
   to delete all datalines that have become superfluous.

   Edit design CNF enables you to specify and adjust various information
   on a design in Layo1: dimensions and offset, hole diameters and
   the different files relevant to the design (*.CMP, *.NET, *.PLY, and
   *.LIB).

   Display cam offers a survey of the number of drawing commands
   and pads on every layer of your design and the number of holes to
   be drilled per tool number.

   Configuration will call up the Layo1 configuration menu. Please
   refer to section 16 (Layo1 Setup).

   Printer checkplot makes it possible to make a quick print of
   your design on a matrix or HP-laser printer.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.4 Basic functions of the Layo1 Editor

   While working with the Layo1 Editor you should be familiar with a
   number of rules and basic functions. All these will be dealt with
   in detail in the following subsections.

Screen
   The top line on the screen gives continuous information on the active
   function, the coordinates of the mouse position, the current layer
   and the current stepsize of the cursor.

16 layers
   In Layo1 you can work on no less than 16 layers. Layer 0 is reserved
   for the placing of symbols (standard pads). A number of these layers
   has special characteristics or is automatically used for particular
   purposes.

Grid
   For your convenience a 1/10 inch grid of small dots (which can be
   switched off) is displayed on the screen.

Cursor
   The Layo1 cursor consists of two cross hairs running over the entire
   height and width of the screen or of a small arrow indicating the
   cursor position. You can specify and adjust the form and color of
   the cursor in the Layo1 configuration menu. The cursor stepsize can
   be adjusted at all times, from 1 to 1/1280 inch, so that you can work
   with the greatest accuracy possible. When the program is started up,
   the standard stepsize is set to 1/20 inch.

   The cursor stepsize can also be set in millimeters.

Autopan
   When the cursor exceeds the screen limits, the screen will pan along
   in any direction the cursor moves. This Autopan feature is very usefull
   when working on larger designs. Double clicking the zoom button (middle
   mouse key) will put your entire design (once corners have been placed)
   back in the center of the screen.

Zoom
   The zoom function of Layo1 (middle mouse-key) enables you to quickly
   switch from an overview of the design to a particular detail. After
   zooming the current cursor position is the new screen center point.
   Also when not <->enlarging or reducing, the zoom function is a quick
   way to move your design about over the screen.

Key functions
   Many settings can be adjusted by means of simple keystrokes, and this
   same simple procedure will often even call up different functions.
   They are listed at the end of this section.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.5 The screen...

   Whenever the Layo1 Editor is operational, the top line will supply
   all necessary information relevant to whatever you are doing at that
   particular moment. This will be dealt with in more detail in the following
   sections.

   Usually the top line will tell you which function of Layo1 is active,
   on which layer you are currently working, and what the current cursor
   coordinates are (in inches and millimeters).

   While drawing, it will e.g. tell you which pen is currently in use.
   Pu here means pen up: the pen is not <169>on the paper<170>.
   When placing pads, the pad used and the relevant tool number can also
   be found in the menu line.

   An example:

    Draw 110  p1  layer 2

   This tells you that the draw function is active. By pressing the left
   mouse-key the pen has been put on the paper, for draw is followed
   by the number of the dataline and not by pu (pen up). <->Apparently,
   we are working with pen 1 on layer 2. In addition the top line on
   the screen will also indicate the current cursor coordinates in inches
   and millimeters.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.6 Layo1's 16 layers

   Layo1 enables you to draw on 15 layers, which are all displayed in
   different colors (which you choose yourself). In Layo1 some layers
   have particular <->restrictions or extra features. Make yourself familiar
   with Layo1's layers and their recommended use and make up your own
   standard procedures, for you will get a great deal more practical
   use out of Layo1 if you develop your own layer routines.

Circles and ellipses
   Please note that drawing circles and ellipses on layers
   8 and up will yield the best results, because on the other layers
   Layo1 only uses 90° and 45° angles.

===> Attention:
   Layo1 is a high speed and acurate PCB design programm, which implies
   that true circles and ellipses take up a lot of datalines!

Pen selection
   On layers 1 ... 7 you can use all 7 pen diameters. On layers 8 and
   up (for auxiliary lines) pen 1 is used exclusively.

Layer 0
   On this layer all standard pads are placed. This is done automatically.
   It is not possible to draw on layer 0.

Layer 1
   Usually, the first layer is used for drawing the tracks on the top
   side of the PCB. Only straight lines and 90° and 45° angles.
   While drawing, this layer can be directly activated by pressing F7.

Layer 2
   Usually, the second layer is used for the tracks on the underside.
   Only straight lines and 45° and 90° angles. While drawing,
   this layer can be directly activated by pressing F8.

Layers 3 ... 7
   These layers can be used in any way you wish e.g. for multi-layer
   PCBs. Only straight lines and 45° and 90° angles.

Layer 8
   On layer 8 the shapes of the components are placed. You can do circles
   and ellipses on this layer, as well as lines at any angle. Once pressing
   the comma-key will remove this layer from the screen or call
   it up. Only pen 1 on this layer.

Layer 9
   This layer usually contains the texts for the PCB. You can do circles
   and ellipses on this layer, as well as lines at any angle. Once pressing
   the semicolon-key (;) will remove this layer from the screen
   or call it up. Only pen 1 on this layer.

Layers 10 ... 12
   These layers can be used in any way you wish. You can do circles and
   ellipses on this layer, as well as lines at any angle. Only pen 1
   on this layer.

ATTENTION SMB   FUNCTION   b  enter   SH_F2  see quickref.DOC


Layer 13
   In Layo1 this layer is reserved for the display of faulty
   connections. You are recommended not to use this layer for other purposes.
   Only pen 1 on this layer.

Layer 14
   In Layo1 this layer is reserved for the ratsnest. You are
   recommended not to use this layer for other purposes. Only pen 1 on
   this layer.

Layer 15
   This layer is reserved for the corners that define the dimensions
   of the PCB. You are recommended not to use this layer for other purposes.
   Only pen 1 on this layer.

Selecting layers

   While designing double or multi-layer PCBs with Layo1, you will frequently
   want to switch layers. Layers 1 and 2 which are most frequently used
   can be called up quickly by a single keystroke.

       F7 = layer 1

       F8 = layer 2

   If you should want to use different layers, you can assign them to
   function-keys F7 and F8. By pressing Shift F7 or
   Shift F8 you are free to specify which layers you want to control
   with these respective keys.

   A second procedure, which allows you to directly select from all Layo1
   layers, is pressing l (small L, for layer). A menu line will
   be displayed from which you can select 1 ... 15 with your mouse. Put
   your mouse over the selected layer and press the left key. If you
   do not want to make a selection and want to leave everything as it
   was, just press the right mouse-key.

   When selecting a layer from the menu line you can also use the function-keys.
   Here, F1 stands for layer 1. Layers 11 ... 15 can be selected
   by pressing Shift F1 etc.

Each layer its own color

   In Layo1 each layer has its own particular color, but you are free
   to change these colors as you wish. To do so, <->select options from
   the menu line, then select Layo1 configuration. Another way to do
   this is selecting Layo1 Setup in Layo1's main menu. In both cases
   the Layo1 configuration menu will appear. This will be discussed in
   greater detail in section 16 (Layo1 Setup).

   Note that the color that is selected for layer 15 is also the color
   of the grid.

Selecting layers for display

   Normally, Layo1 will display all layers and the grid together. It
   may sometimes be convenient to switch off particular layers for a
   while. The grid can be switched on and off simply by pressing the
   . (full stop). Pressing the ; (semi-colon) will switch
   layer 9, with the texts (if any), on and off. Layer 8 can be switched
   on and off by pressing the ,-key (comma): this layer contains
   the profiles of the components.

d
   All layers can be selectively switched off by pressing the d-key.
   The menu line shown hereunder will appear, clearly indicating which
   layers are in use for the design and which layers are actually being
   displayed.

   By selecting a layer with the mouse and then pressing the left mouse-key,
   you can switch that particular layer on and off. In this way you can
   either select various layers or switch them off.

   It is also possible to select all layers or switch all layers off
   by a single keystroke: to do so you can use the a-key (all on)
   and the c-key (all off).

   By pressing the right mouse-key the menu line will disappear and you
   can see the results. For the selection of a layer from the menu line
   you can also use the function-keys. Here F1 stands for layer
   1. Layers 11 ... 15 can be selected by pressing Shift F1 etc.

F5
   It will often be necessary to rewrite the screen after this by pressing
   F5: this will remove the 'shadows' of the layers that have been
   switched off and you will be able to see exactly what the selected
   layer or layers look like.

Interconnecting layers

Vias
   Different layers of a design can be interconnected by means of so-called
   vias. In fact, these are minute pads in which a hole is drilled, through
   which the top and bottom sides are interconnected by means of metallisation.

   These vias are very useful whenever it is not possible to put a track
   entirely on one layer because this would make tracks cross with each
   other. This problem can be solved by switching layers a number of
   times and interconnecting the change-over points by means of a via.

F2 = via
   While designing, a via can be placed (and removed) by placing the
   cursor in the required position and pressing F2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.7 1/10 Inch grid

   For greater accuracy Layo1 features an on-screen grid consisting of
   small dots (in the color of layer 15). The distance between these
   dots is 1/10 inch. This 1/10 inch grid setting is also valid while
   working in millimeters.

Grid on/off

   The grid can simply be removed or called up again by pressing the
   .-key (full stop).

Cursor on grid**

   The cursor can be put on the nearest grid point by simply pressing
   the *-key (asterisk) twice.

   Pressing the *-key once will put the cursor on the nearest point
   within the distance of the current cursor stepsize. This can be necessary
   to readjust the cursor after <->changing the stepsize or switching
   between millimeters and inches.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.8 Cursor

   The Layo1 cursor consists of two cross hairs running over the entire
   height and width of the screen or of a small arrow. While drawing
   or placing pads and components the exact X/Y coordinates of the cursor
   (the center of the two crossing lines or the point of the arrow) is
   on continuous display in the top line of the screen in millimeters
   as well as inches. The form of the cursor can be <->selected and adjusted
   in the Layo1 configuration menu (from the main menu or via the option
   options in the menu line of the Layo1 Editor). This is discussed in
   greater detail in section 16 (Layo1 Setup).

Cursor stepsize

   Another device for greater accuracy in Layo1 is the <->adjustable
   stepsize of the cursor/mouse. This stepsize, again in inches or millimeters,
   can always be adjusted while working.

   Where this is applicable, the current stepsize is indicated in the
   top line of the screen. It may be enlarged or <->reduced by a simple
   keystroke:

       F9 = smaller stepsize

       F10 = bigger stepsize

   The following standard stepsizes in inches are at your disposal:

   1 1/2 1/5 1/10 1/20 1/40 1/80 1/160 1/320 1/640 1/1280

Define s<->tepsize
   The stepsizes can be defined by yourself using Shift F9 and
   Shift F10. Once you press Shift F9 or Shift F10 you
   are free to specify ten stepsizes from which you can hence make your
   selection via F9 or F10. When you exit from the program,
   these settings are saved on disk for you to use again in a later session.

Diagonal auxiliary lines q

   In some cases it is convenient to have diagonal (45°) auxiliary
   lines in addition to the two cross lines for pinpoint positioning.
   While drawing, pressing the q-key is enough to put these auxiliary
   lines in the place of the cursor or to remove them again.

Square auxiliary lines a

   Please refer to <169>diagonal auxiliary lines<170> above. However,
   pressing the a-key will now put square auxiliary lines in the
   place of the cursor or remove them again.

Cursor on grid**

   The cursor can be put on the nearest grid point by simply pressing
   the *-key (asterisk) twice.

   Pressing the *-key once will put the cursor on the nearest point
   within the distance of the current cursor stepsize. This can be necessary
   to readjust the cursor after <->changing the stepsize or switching
   between millimeters and inches.

Lost your drawing?

   After all kinds of manipulations it may happen that you cannot get
   your drawing back on to the screen: it is in an off-screen position.
   The following series of keystrokes will help you: zz d a. The
   first key will activate the zoom function, the second z or middle
   mouse click will put your design in the center of the screen, d
   and a will then display all layers.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.9 Zoom

   With most functions of the Layo1 Editor the middle mouse-key is used
   to enlarge or reduce the on-screen picture (zooming). Layo1 offers
   you a choice of 9 zoom factors 1 ... 9. The bigger the zoom factor
   the more detail; the smaller the zoom factor the more complete the
   overview. Zoom factor 1 will show 1/10 inch per pixel (screen dot).
   For zoom factor 9 this is 1/880 inch per pixel.

   If, where applicable, the middle mouse-key is pressed, a menu line
   will appear at the top of the screen showing the various zoom factors
   1 ... 9. You can make your selection from these with your mouse. Pressing
   the middle mouse-key is enough to activate the new zoom factor.

   When the menu line is on-screen you can also select from the zoom
   factors by pressing one of the function-keys F1 ... F9.

Cursor position as new center point

   The cursor position defines the new center point of your drawing on
   the screen. So, whenever you want to take a closer look or want a
   wider view, put the cursor in the relevant place and press the middle
   mouse-key before <->selecting the new zoom factor by pressing the
   middle mouse-key or by pressing one of the function-keys F1 ...
   F9.

Moving the picture
   This facility may also be of great use whenever you do not want to
   enlarge or reduce but simply want to move your drawing over the screen
   a bit. Place the cursor on the required new center point of the screen
   and press the middle mouse-key twice.

Keyboard
   The latter can also be done by simply pressing the c-key, moving
   the picture over the screen taking the current cursor position for
   the new center point.

Zoom/move to zero point

   The zoom function can also be activated by pressing the <->z-key.
   You can then specify the zoom factor that you <->require, followed
   by pressing the Enter-key. However, if after z you press
   the n-key, the picture will be moved in such a way that the
   zero point of your drawing will be placed in the top left corner of
   the screen. In the latter case you may also change the zoom factor
   first in the way described above, before pressing the n-key.

   The same can be done with the mouse by selecting a zoom factor and
   pressing the two right mouse-keys. The drawing will be placed with
   its zero point in the top left corner of the screen.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.10 Working with Layo1 Editor

   Once the Layo1 Editor is activated there is no submenu, but the different
   mouse-key functions make it possible to activate a great number of
   Layo1's important standard functions directly, avoiding the roundabout
   route via the menu line and the different submenus.

===> Attention:
   Please note that when in the Layo1 Editor a particular function has
   been selected (e.g. drawing), the mouse will from then on behave as
   if that function had been selected from the menu line. You are referred
   to the relevant sections for more information.

F1 = help
   While working, pressing F1 will always call up an overview of
   the current mouse-key functions. Pressing Esc removes the overview
   again.

Drawing

   By pressing the left mouse-key you can draw immediately as if you
   had activated the option draw from the menu line option draw
   (this can also be done by pressing t). From this option the
   mouse-key functions are nearly identical to those in draw. Use the
   F1 key to get an overview of the new mouse-key functions.

===> Attention:
   Please refer to section 5 (drawing) for additional information.

Placing Pads

   The left and middle mouse-key will activate the option place pads
   (this can also be done by pressing the s-key). The mouse-keys
   will then behave in the same way as described in the section Pads
   before (use the F1 key to get an overview of all current mouse-key
   functions).

Moving pads
   Once move pad is activated existing pads can be moved. Using
   the left and middle mouse-key a pad can be <->selected and moved to
   a new position, where it can be placed by pressing the right mouse-key.

===> Attention:
   Please refer to section 6 (pads) for additional information.

To the menu line

   The right mouse-key will take you, as usual, to the menu line on the
   screen. You can also use the Esc-key for this.

Zoom function

   As always in the Editor, the middle mouse-key will activate the zoom
   function, enlarging or reducing the picture with the current cursor
   position as the new center point of the screen.

   After you have pressed the middle mouse-key a menu line will appear
   with the different zoom factors from which you can choose. To select
   a zoom factor you can also use the function-keys when the menu line
   is on-screen. F1 .. F9 stand for zoom factors 1 ... 9. Double
   clicking the middle mouse-key will put your entire design in the center
   of the screen (once corners have been placed).

Defining a window

   Pressing the outer mouse-keys will enable you to define a window (this
   can also be done by pressing the w-key). In this window you
   can <169>capture<170> a part of your design and then move it. If there
   any traces entering the window from outside, these will automatically
   be pulled along to the new position.

===> Attention:
   Please refer to section 8 for additional information and relevant
   mouse-key commands.

 Load component

   By pressing the right and middle mouse-keys, you activate the option
   Load Component avoiding the roundabout route of Layo1's menu
   line and the file and load options. Thus, you can quickly import components
   and subdrawings from the databank and add them to your design. This
   can also be done by pressing F3. When loading a subdrawing in
   this way, Layo1 will first ask you whether you want to load this as
   a subdrawing (in which the components can still be manipulated separately)
   or as a complete <169>component<170>, in which the separate parts
   can no longer be manipulated directly.

===> Attention:
   Please refer to section 4 File/Load/ Component for additional information.

Search

   Pressing all three mouse-keys simultaneously will activate the search
   function which enables you to edit your <->design. This can also be
   done by pressing the =-key when the word Advance is in the top
   left corner of the screen.

===> Attention:
   Please refer to section 5.3 for additional information and the
   relevant mouse commands.

Placing vias

   While working in the Layo1 Editor, vias can also be placed in the
   cursor position by pressing the F2 key.

   A via is Layo1's smallest pad: it will create an interconnection between
   two sides of a PCB. This makes it possible to draw complicated traces
   alternating on both sides of the PCB.

   Vias (in the cursor position) can also be deleted by again pressing
   F2.

Key functions

   In the Layo1 Editor many functions can be <->directly used by means
   of simple keystrokes. Please see to it that Shift Lock and Caps
   Lock are not active, for Layo1 will make a critical distinction
   between small letters and capitals here.

   For the key functions, please refer to the relevant sections (draw,
   pad, etc.) of this manual or refer to the overview in this section.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.11 Making a subdrawing MANUALLY

   We can make excellent use of a subdrawing that is already present
   Layo1's component databank to demonstrate the operational procedure
   of all Layo1 program versions, NOT even using the powerful extra facilities
   offered by Layo1 "New Design". It is a subdrawing of a power supply, which
   can be used in many designs: PWR03.LMC:

1
   The various components for this subdrawing were first drawn
   and then stored as components in the component databank. Next, they
   were retrieved from the databank and positioned (moved/ rotated).

2
   Some components were first copied and, if necessary, rotated in
   Multi Function.

3
   Using the Layo1 Editor the pads were added that do not belong
   to the components.

4
   After everything had been put in its right place with Multi Function,
   the tracks were created in the drawing function. In this case
   an extra thick pen was used on layer 1 and the traces were
   drawn aiming at maximal insulation.

5
   The profiles of the components were already on layer 8. On layer
   9 the texts are now added, via drawing, and the contour line
   is drawn around the subdrawing.

6
   Finally this subdrawing can be stored in Layo1's component databank,
   from where it can be added on to other designs. You are free to retrieve
   this power supply as a component or as a subdrawing. In the latter
   case you can still rearrange its separate components to accurately
   fit into your design. If you retrieve the subdrawing as a component,
   it can only be manipulated (copied, moved, rotated, or deleted) as
   a whole.

Zero point of a component

   When saving a component or subdrawing the cursor position is very
   important. Once a component is stored in the component databank on
   the fixed disk, the last cursor position will determine its zero point.
   When this component is retrieved from the component databank, it will
   appear with its zero point exactly at the cursor.

===> Attention:
   Therefore, you are recommended to always place the cursor e.g. in
   the top left corner of a component before storing it on disk.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.12 Key functions

   Overview of all key functions in the Layo1 Editor:

  ANY UPDATE OR CHANGEMENT YOU MAY FIND UNDER THE F1 KEY AMD IN THE FILE
  QUICKREF.DOC

Ins
   Adds a dataline when drawing, editing and copying. Usually the left
   mouse-key.

Enter
   This command does not add a dataline but concludes a trace. Usually
   the right mouse-key.    GENERAL IDEA: CONFIRM

Del
   Deletes dataline/pad/coordinate in cursor position.
   Delete entire track under the cursor

F1
   Mouse help. Displays current mouse functions.

F2
   Places or removes a via (connection between top and underside of the
   design) in the cursor position.

F3
   Loads a component from the databank.

F4
   Saves layout or component.

F5
   This function-key rewrites the picture: it is especially useful to
   rewrite the picture after placing and removing traces.

F6
   This gives the current cursor position the coordinates 0.0 which makes
   it simple to measure the distance between parts of your design with
   the cursor. You can reset the original coordinates by pressing
r    1


F7
   Selects layer 1 (or a layer defined by yourself, cf. Shift F7).

F8
   Selects layer 2 (or a layer defined by yourself, cf. Shift F8).

F9
   Reduces the stepsize in inches. Not within the Autorouter where the
   stepsize is fixed at 1/20 or 1/40 inch.

   In millimeters: selects the defined stepsize (10 steps) with Shift
   F9.

F10
   Enlarges the cursor stepsize in inches. As F9.

Shift F5
   Switches between overlapping and mixed color display.

Shift F7
   Selects a layer that can then be activated with F7.

Shift F8
   Selects a layer that can then be activated with F8.

Shift F9
   Defines the stepsizes in millimeters.

Shift F10
   Idem.

Ctrl F1
   Resets ratsnest (removes layer 14) in Layo1.

Ctrl F2
   New ratsnest of the pad in the cursor position, with new calculated
   shortest connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F3
   New ratsnest of component at cursor, with new calculated shortest
   connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F4
   Updates the ratsnest in Layo1. All made connections are
   removed from the ratsnest, so that you can easily pad which connections
   have not yet been made.

Ctrl F6
   Checks all connections according to the netlist in Layo1.
   Faulty connections are marked with a small cross on layer 13.




           CHANGEMENTS &UPDATES IN QUICKREF.DOC




a
   Places or removes horizontal and vertical auxiliary lines on the screen.

b enter
   Selects a block (component) in order to move or rotate it.

c
   Centers the screen in the cursor position.

d
   Displays the use of the layers. You can specify for each layer whether
   or not it is to be displayed. You can do this with the mouse or with
   function-keys F1 ... Shift F5. To display all layers first press
   d, then a. To switch off all layers, first press d,
   then c.

f
   Centers cursor on the screen when the cursor is free (not while drawing,
   editing and placing pads).

i
   Switches from millimeters to inches.

l
   Selects one of the layers. Selection can then be made with the mouse
   or with function-keys F1 ... Shift F5.

m
   Switches from inches to millimeters. (  > toglle will follow mm )

n  Toglles display of pad-numbers
   Answers no to yes/no questions.

p
   Selects pen number/diameter. Selection can then be made with the mouse
   or function-keys F1 ... F7.

   When moving: new zero point.

q
   Places or removes diagonal auxiliary lines in the cursor position.

r
   Ruler selection. You can select one from settings 1 ... 3:

   1: sets zero point back to original 0,0 coordinate (after r 2, r 3)

        2: sets zero point to coordinates of top left corner

        3: sets zero point to current cursor position

   In fact, Layo1 has 6 rulers because the three rulers mentioned above
   are all kept up-to-date in inches as well as millimeters.

s     ss
   While placing pads s: select a pad s again. Selection can then be made
   with the mouse , arrows
   The s-key is also used to activate the function for placing
   pads. Once this function is active, this key works as described above.

t  (after s or =)
   While placing pads or editing: select tool number. Selection
   can then be made with the mouse or arrows keys
   From the Layo1 Editor the t-key is used to activate the draw
   function of Layo1.

w
   Activates the window function in the Layo1 Editor, draw and
   elsewhere, and simultaneously sets the starting point to the current
   cursor position. Then, it is similar to pressing the two outer mouse-keys,
   in which latter case it is still possible to select the starting point
   with the cursor. When working in the Autorouter pressing the w-key
   will make a special window appear.

x
   Change the cursor position on the X-axis by typing the new position.

y
   Idem, but now for the Y-axis.

   Answers yes to yes/no questions.

z
   Zoom setting (n = normal/Enter = center). Usually this
   function is activated by pressing the middle mouse-key.

zz
   Pressing the z-key twice or double clicking the middle mouse-key
   will activate Autozoom, which puts your entire design on screen (only
   when corners have been placed).

=
   In the Layo1 Editor: searches a drawn item, rather near the cursor, in
   order to edit this item by means of commands to be specified. Simultaneously
   pressing the three mouse-keys has the same function. Cf. Edit.

+
   Pages forward through datalines while editing a design. Usually, the
   two left mouse-keys are used.

-
   Pages backwards through datalines while editing a design. Usually,
   the two right mouse-keys are used.
   NOTE: iN THE = MODE:  If you want to add a dataline/vector with INS,
   type one time - first. Mext  INS Arrow-keys. The vector is temporarely glued
   to the cursor untill you drop it wit Enter or another INS.
   (Observe the difference when you didn't type INS first. Do some exercising
   on an empty screen with some tracks only.

   The idea is that if you neglected the '-' before typing INS the vectorpoint
   will be placed immediately but will not be 'glued' to the cursor to bring it
   elsewhere.


*
   (Asterisk) Places cursor on nearest point within the current stepsize.

**
   (Two asterisks) Centers cursor on nearest grid point.

,
   (Comma) Switches component imprint (layer 8) on/off on the screen.

;
   (Semicolon) Switches layer 9 (texts) on/off on the screen.

   (Full stop) Grid display on/off.

Esc
   Concludes current activity. This will usually take you to the main
   menu. This command is usually given with the right mouse-key.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.13 Save = safe

F4
   A power failure can destroy hours of hard work in a split second.
   Therefore, make it a habit while designing to save your design on
   disk regularly. Pressing F4 every 10 minutes can limit the damage
   to 10 minutes' work. A small effort to save you from big problems.

Auto save
   In Layo1's configuration menu you can specify the frequency with which
   you want the program to automatically save your design while you are
   working on it. Then you can allow yourself to forget all about saving
   for safety. Layo1 will take care of that for you and ask you at set
   intervals whether you want to save yes or no. Answer yes and Layo1
   will safely save your work on disk and you can go on with your work.
   Answer no and you can go on straight away. The Layo1 configuration
   menu can be called up from the menu line under Options or via
   Layo1's main menu (Layo1 Setup). Please refer to section 16 for more
   information on Auto save.

Backup

   AS ALWAYS, IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDABLE TO MAKE BACKUP DISKS OF
   ALL YOUR WORK REGULARLY.
**************************************************************************



======================  Layo1 Editor File

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1 File

   If you select file from the menu line an additional submenu will appear
   from which the following selection can be made by pressing the left
   mouse-key.

   F1 will not give information on the mouse-key functions within
   the submenu of the file function. Please refer to section 4.3.

===> Attention:
   When loading or saving files the file extension (e.g. .LMC and .PLY)
   need not be typed: Layo1 will see to that for you.
   Only LML is optional (in Menu » Options » Edit CNF)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2 Types of files

Read STRUCTURE.DOC

Back up
   OF COURSE, IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO ALWAYS
   BACK UP ALL YOUR WORK ON DISKS.

===> Attention:
   Once you start to create files for a Gerber photoplotter,
   Layo1 will create a separate subdirectory, GERBER\



NEW DESIGN
   Once you start to make a design in Layo1, a CNF file will be placed
   in the CNF\ subdirectory containing all information relevant
   to that design. But first you must give a name to your design of max.
   8 characters (keeping to DOS file name regulations), including a path
   name. In the beginning you are recommended to use the subdirectory CNF\ of the Layo1
   directory. The PCB configuration menu will be displayed for you to
   specify the dimensions of your design and the diameters of the different
   tools that will be used in production. You will also specify in this
   menu which other files are used for this design.

4.2.0.1 Dimensions

   You must specify the X/Y dimensions of your design so that the corners
   can be placed. Maximum sizes are 650 x 650 mm (22.5 x 22.5 inch).
   In addition, you may specify an X/Y offset.

   These dimensions may be changed at a later stage by calling up the
   Edit Design CNF menu again via the selection options from the
   menu line.
  New Offset can also be specified in TOOLBOX.
  You can change ofset also in the plotmenu of TRACEURS.EXE  » F9.


Inch/mm
   If you want to specify dimensions, Layo1 will ask whether you want
   to do so in metric units (millimeters) yes or no. You are free to
   specify the dimensions either in millimeters or in inches.

4.2.0.2 Hole diameters

   Layo1 can handle 8 hole diameters for you which you can define to
   your own liking. While placing pads ( s mode) you can select these hole    diameters
   (tool numbers) by pressing the t-key or the two right mouse-keys.

4.2.0.3 File

   In this field you specify where the relevant files are to be found
   or where they are to be stored later. Extensions (.PLY etc.) are not
   necessary.

LML optional

PLY
   Here you specify the name of your design.

CMP
   Here the  name of the component list must be
   given.

NET
   Here the name of the netlist must be specified.


IN USER MENU:

LIB1 etc.
   Here you can specify THE  name of the different library files.
   These files contain the information Layo1 needs to find the components
   that are in the component list.

*.CNF
   Next, a *.CNF file is stored in the CNF\ subdirectory. The asterisk
   stands for any name you may have given to your design. You can change
   the directories indicated to your own requirements.

   The .CNF file contains the information that you specified in the     configuration
   menu. The .PLY file contains the actual design and will only be
   stored at the moment that you give the command to do so from the Layo1
   Editor. The .PLY file contains the coordinates, the electrical
   data and the component numbers.

Layouts

   The layout files (the designs) can be stored in Layo1's subdirectory
   LML\ with the extension .LML or\librar
 .PLY
   after the name given by yourself.

LML
 From this file your design can
   be sent to the photo/penplotter or punch tape.
Layo1
   Layo1 will save both a .PLY and an optional LML file

Library


   The *.LIB files are stored in the LIB\ subdirectory. They contain
   a translation table that will refer to the right components in Layo1's
   component databank when reading a component list from a scheme designer.

   These library files can be created and edited using an ordinary word
   processor. They take the following form:

   SN7400
   SN7401
   SN7402
   =LMC\ACTIVE\DIL-14

Netlist

   The netlist and the component list that can be made with the help
   of a scheme designer (e.g. OrCAD SDT) for a new design must be placed
   in Layo1's subdirectory Netlist\.
   Or use  your texteditor
   Or make the list witn INS on the pads in the EDIT NET mode

Netlist
   The netlist contains all connections. The file has the extension .NET.

Component list
   The component list contains a list of all components
   that are to be used in the design. This file has the extension .CMP
   after its name.

LMC

   The subdirectory LMC of Layo1 contains an extensive databank
   with standard components and subdrawings to which you can add as many
   as you like. All files (components) in this databank have the extension
   .LMC after their names.

   Not counting the capacity of your fixed disk, Layo1 may in principle
   contain an unlimited number of components. There are hundreds of components
   that are part of the standard Layo1 package. Therefore, LMC has
   again been subdivided into several subdirectories.

Demo
   The component databank of the demo version of Layo1 is limited
   to the components that are used in the <->demonstrations.

Gerber  TRACEURS.EXE
   The Gerber  subdirectories are only created by Layo1 at
   the moment they are needed. As soon as a file is created for a Gerber
   or Glaser photoplotter the relevant subdirectory is created (if not
   already existing) and aN APERTURE file will be stored in it AND A GERBER FILE.
   This file containing the plotter specifications
   will usually be put on a floppy disk so that it can be sent to a PCB
   manufacturer or a plotter service agency. If you want to, you can
   put files for both a Gerber and a Glaser plotter on the disk, because
   for each type a subdirectory is created in order to keep file storage
   well- <->organized and efficient.

   the file GERBER.DAT in \LAYO1EE\ may be modified and the data will be used
   in TRACEURS.EXE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.3 Introduction

   All options will be discussed extensively at a later stage in this
   section. For now, just an overview:

Reset Layo1
   The current design is deleted and you can make a fresh start.

Load
   This option is used to load any type of Layo1 file from disk through
   a special submenu.

Save
   The save option is used to save your current work to disk.

New Design
   Reset Layo1 and start a new CNF design. WITH CMP-NET
   Don't use for manual work

Directory
   Displays the directory (list of contents) of the files on the fixed
   disk or floppy disk.

Rename
   An existing file or design can be given a new name.

Delete
   You can select a file or design and remove it from fixed or floppy
   disk.

Quit
   Exits from the editor and takes you back to Layo1's main menu. Of
   course, for safety's sake there is a check question if you really
   want to do this and if you would not like to save your work.

' /quit ' exit wihout saving !!!!!


Specifying a file name

   Frequently you will be requested to specify a file name, e.g. when
   loading or saving a design. Layo1 lends a hand by keeping the ten
   files that were last used in mind for you.

4.3.0.1 Selection list

   Once Layo1 asks you for a file name pressing the middle mouse-key
   is enough to see an on-screen selection list of files from which you
   can make your selection with the mouse. The left mouse-key will select
   the file of your choice. The right mouse-key will help you leave this
   <->selection menu so that you can type a different name yourself.

F7
   Instead of the left mouse-key you may also use F7 here.

   The selection list will show the ten files that you used last of the
   type that you require (*.CNF / *.PLY / *.LML / *.FNT / *.LMC) If you
   have not yet used files of the type that you require, there will be
   no selection list and you will have to enter the name of the file
   yourself. You need not enter the extension after the name.

4.3.0.2 Directory

   If you need an overview of all files and various directories when
   you are asked for a name, you must press the left mouse-key. A complete
   overview will be displayed of all files (in red) in the current directory
   and all subdirectories (in black). From here you can also go back
   one <->directory (..) or all the way back to the root directory (.)
   of your disk. In this way you can page through the whole disk.

   Please refer to the previous section on types of files and Layo1's
   subdirectory structure.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4 Reset Layo1

   This menu option will clear screen and memory so that you can make
   a fresh start on a new design.

   If there is an existing design on-screen, Layo1 will for safety's
   sake ask you if you really want to start with a clean slate. You can
   select either yes or no. Only if you point at yes
   with the mouse and press the left mouse-key the screen will be cleared
   and you can start anew. Yes can also be selected by pressing
   the two left mouse-keys and no by pressing the two right mouse-keys.
   In all other cases Layo1 will just return to the program.

No mouse
   The selection of either yes or no can also be made using
   the keyboard by pressing y or n; or by using the arrow
   keys to go to your choice and pressing Enter.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5 Load

   This option enables you to load a lAYO1 file from disk

Layo1
   The submenu as shown above is what you will see using Layo1.

Component
   Will load a component from Layo1's database into the design on screen.

Drawing
   A LML layout can be loaded after renaming it to LMC.

Design
   This option loads a Layo1 design (PLY) from disk with all other
   involved files (LIB / NET / PLY / CMP), through the CNF file.

Component list
   To load a componentlist to be specified (in .CNF). This componentlist
   should have been created with F3, or with a text editor not producing control characters or generated by a Calay compatible scheme designer (e.g.
   OrCAD SDT III IV).

Netlist
   To load a netlist to be specified (in .CNF). This netlist should have
   been created with OPTIONS » Edit » NET, or with a text editor not producing control characters or  generated by a Calay compatible scheme designer (e.g. OrCAD SDT).

Textfont
   This option enables you to load another (user designed) textfont for
   use within the Layo1 Editor.

Selecting a file

   In all cases Layo1 will ask you in the top left corner for the name
   of the file that you require ....

    C:\LAYO1EE\...

   C:\LAYO1EE\... in this example will in reality be the disk and
   directory where the program has been installed.

   Having chosen for a certain type of file in the submenu a filename
   extension is not wanted as Layo1 will only look for files with the
   right extension ( CNF / LMC / LML IS NOT ACCEPTED RENAME TO LMC).

   Layo1 remembers the names of the 10 files last used of each type.
   When you are asked to specify a file name, you can call up the names
   of the 10 files last used by pressing the middle mouse-key. Then you
   can make your selection.

   Pressing the left mouse-key will call up a complete directory overview.

   Please refer to section 4.2 and 4.3 for information on types of files
   and Layo1's directory structure.

Load component BNK

   The menu option Load component enables you to retrieve components
   or subdrawings from the databank and add them to your design. Afterwards,
   components can be ma<->nipulated as a whole (moving/rotating/copying/deleting);
   subdrawings are loaded as separate parts that can also be manipulated
   separately on the different layers.

   Thus, it is possible to import the subdrawing of e.g. a frequently
   used power supply section as a whole, while its separate parts can
   still be moved.

4.5.0.1 Finding a component/subdrawing

   Layo1 will sometimes ask whether the .LMC you select has to be loaded as
   a component or a subdrawing.

Component
   A component will be loaded as a single block that can only be manipulated
   entirely.

Subdrawing
   A subdrawing consists of seperate elements and components. When Layo1
   encounters a subdrawing you will be asked whether you want to load
   it as such or as one single block.

   When loaded as a subdrawing (single blocks) you will be able to rearrange
   the elements that make up the subdrawing, whereas when loaded as a
   single block (component) you can only manipulate it as a whole. Layo1
   leaves the choice up to you.

4.5.0.2 Placing a component/subdrawing

   Once a component or subdrawing is selected it will appear on screen
   at the cursor position by the original zero point. Now set the cursor
   at the required position and place it by pressing the left mouse-key
   (or the Ins-key). Once you have finished placing, press the
   right mouse-key or Esc. If you want to place more copies of
   a component, place the first component by double clicking the left
   mouse-key. You can now place as many copies as you like (watch the
   counter in the upper left corner of the screen) untill you abort the
   operation by pressing the right mouse-key.

4.5.0.3 Rotating a component

   By pressing the two outer mouse-keys (or function-key F2) you
   can rotate the component in steps of 90° clockwise (as long as
   the word <169>move<170> is in the upper left corner of the screen).
   The original zero point of the component is the point of rotation.

4.5.0.4 Original zero point

   When a component is created and added to the component databank, the
   cursor position of the moment that it was saved will be the original
   zero point of the component

   When the component is loaded, this will be the point with which the
   component will be placed at the cursor position.

Load textfont
   FNT

   For the placing of texts on a PCB Layo1 features a stan<->dard font
   which can be enlarged, reduced, rotated and mirrored in the design
   (cf. Draw/Text).

   However, you can use Layo1's textfont editor (cf. section 14) to design
   several different fonts for yourself.

   The menu option as shown above offers you a choice from different
   fonts. However, if you have not yet created and stored fonts yourself,
   there is little choice of course. The only file that Layo1 will find
   in that case is FONT1.FNT in the subdirectory FONTS.

*.FNT
   When loading fonts Layo1 always searches for files with the extension
   .FNT. However, these need not be stored in the FONTS subdirectory.
   It is up to you where you actually want to store them. You must not
   type the extension .FNT after the name.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.6 Save

   The menu option Save will safely transfer the current design
   from the computer's RAM memory to fixed disk or floppy disk. You are
   recommended to use this <->option regularly while working on a design.
   It will prevent you losing many hours of work because of a power failure
   or other mishaps. Even if you make a bad mistake while working on
   a design and delete parts of it, there will always be the latest back-up
   version to go back to. The more recent it is, the less work you have
   to do all over again.

   When this menu option is activated, Layo1 will show the most recently
   used name and will ask for your permission to overwrite this version.

===> Attention:
   However, when working on a .PLY design in Layo1, Layo1
   will not ask for your permission and will overwrite the existing version
   straight away. This is due to the fact that the right file names are
   in the .CNF file! If you want to preserve the existing version, you
   must first rename it with the rename option.

   If you want the design saved under the current name and just go on
   working, there are two faster ways in Layo1 to regularly save your
   work.

Auto save

   In Layo1's configuration menu you can specify the frequency with which
   you want the program to automatically save your design while you are
   working on it. Then this will be looked after for you by Layo1, although
   Layo1 will ask for your permission before saving the current design.
   You can call up the configuration menu from the menu line via options
   or via Layo1's main menu (Layo1 Setup). Please refer to section 16
   for more details on Auto save.

F4 = save

   If you want to decide for yourself when to save your <->design on
   disk, F4 is the easiest way to do so. Pressing it once will
   safely save your design and you can go on working straight away.

   In order to avoid the unintentional loss of your design, Layo1 will
   always ask you for a confirmation when you quit the program in whatever
   way without having saved your latest changes first.

Back up

   AS ALWAYS, IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDABLE TO MAKE BACKUP DISKS OF
   ALL YOUR WORK REGULARLY.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.7 New design

   This option offers a fast way to start a new design. Of course Layo1
   will ask you if you are sure and want to reset Layo1. If you are sure
   you will prompted to give a name for your new design.

Layo1
   When working in Layo1 the PCB configuration menu will appear
   on screen. Please refer to section 4.2.1.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.8  Directory

   This menu option is similar to the DOS DIR command that you know,
   but it is easier to use and it is mouse-driven. Moreover, it presents
   the files in alphabetical order. Thus, all directories and subdirectories
   of all disks are directly accessible.

   Please refer to the introduction, section 4.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.9 Rename

   Any file on any disk can be given a new name with this menu option.

   For the selection of the file to be renamed you can use Layo1's powerful
   mouse-driven directory function.

   Please refer to the introduction, section 4.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.10 Delete

   Removing any file from any disk is equally well possible as renaming
   it. For the selection of the file to be deleted you can use Layo1's
   powerful mouse-driven directory function. This is an easy and quick
   procedure: you must be careful not to delete the wrong file by accident.

   Please refer to the introduction, section 4.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.11 Quit

   When finished working on a design, this is the way to quit designing.

   For safety's sake Layo1 will ask you if you really want to exit. If
   you do not explicitly answer yes by clicking yes with
   the left mouse-key, you will stay wherever you are with no harm done.

   Yes can also be selected by pressing the two left mouse-keys.
   Pressing the two right mouse-keys stands for no in this case.
   Whenever you are asked a yes/no question, you can always answer in
   this same way.

Keyboard
   The selection of either yes or no can also be made using the keyboard
   by pressing y or n; or by using the arrow keys to
   go to your choice and pressing Enter.
**************************************************************************



======================  Layo1 Editor Draw

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.1 Draw introduction

   When you select draw from the menu line, there will <->appear a submenu
   under the menu line from which a next selection can be made by pressing
   the left mouse-key.

F1 = Help
   Whenever you need information on the functions of the mouse-keys while
   drawing, just press F1 and you will be presented an overview
   of all key combinations and their functions.

In a nutshell ...

   At a later stage in this section all options will be discussed in
   detail. For now, just an overview of the draw functions.

Draw
   This option enables you to draw components, lines and tracks. You
   can select the pen diameter and the layer that you require.

Edit
   This option makes it possible to edit existing lines and tracks.

Copy
   The same as Edit, but the lines and tracks selected here can be copied
   to other places.

Delete
   Lines and tracks are removed from the design.

Text
   With the help of this option you can add your own text to the design.
   In doing so, you can accurately define size and position.

Box
   This option draws a box on the screen. Very convenient for drawing
   components, or for keeping free a part of the PCB on one or more layers
   when using the Autorouter.

Circle/ Ellipse
   Draws a circle or ellipse within a square/rectangle to be defined.
   This is best done on layers 8 and up and only with pen 1. You
   can select the layer you want by pressing small letter L on
   the keyboard, after which you can <->select the layer you require
   with the mouse or the cursor. If you attempt drawing a circle or ellipse
   on layers 1 ... 7, Layo1 will automatically display the layer selection
   menu line.

Corners
   This option defines the final corners of your PCB. Only after this
   has been done Layo1 will recognize your design as a PCB design. As
   long as no corners have been placed your design is viewed as a subdrawing
   or component.

   From any menu option under draw it is possible to activate two powerful
   Layo1 functions with your mouse: edit and window.

Edit function

   This is activated by pressing all mouse-keys simultaneously or by
   pressing the =-key. In this way you can edit parts (datalines)
   of your design. This function is similar to the menu option edit.
   It is discussed in section 5.3.

Window

   The window function is called up by pressing the outer mouse-keys
   or the w-key. It enables you to capture part of your drawing
   in a window in order to move it. It is similar to the function Window-move
   in Multi Function. Rotating is not possible in this case.

   This function is discussed in detail in section 8.5.2.

Rewrite screen

F5
   While drawing, but especially after making changes in a drawing or
   deleting and copying, there may be all sorts of remnants and shadows
   on the screen. Pressing F5 will <->rewrite the screen completely,
   so that you know what you are doing again.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.2 Draw

   This will activate one of Layo1's most powerful functions, for drawing
   and designing with Layo1 is quick, easy and accurate. You can use
   it to create components and subdrawings and to draw tracks, but you
   can also edit them again straight away.

   Drawing may well be the most basic function of Layo1: therefore it
   can also be called up directly from the Layo1 Editor by pressing the
   left mouse-key.

Different layers
   While drawing you can switch layers all the time (by pressing small
   letter L on the keyboard).

Layers 1 and 2
   As most tracks are drawn on layers 1 and 2, these can be quickly selected
   by pressing function-keys F7 and F8, <->unless you have
   assigned different layers to these keys using Shift F7 and Shift
   F8.

Pen diameter
   Even while drawing it is possible to adjust the pen diameter to your
   needs (small letter P on the keyboard). This will call up the
   pen selection menu line from which you can make your choice with the
   mouse or the corresponding function-keys F1 ... F7. Your selection
   is then indicated in the top line of the screen.

Drawing
   Drawing tracks is a fast and easy procedure in Layo1 <->because it
   is mouse-controlled. Place the cursor (cross lines) at the point where
   the track is to begin and press the left mouse-key. Move the cursor
   to the next point and again press the left mouse-key. Go on like this
   till you reach the end of the line: here you press the right mouse-key.
   Should you have forgotten a connection or should you want to adjust
   the track, you can always go back into the track with your <169>drawing
   pen<170> and still adjust it or even remove it.

   Once the pen is on the paper, the mouse-key functions are somewhat
   different:

Example
   For drawing a box, first place the cursor in the initial position.
   Press the left mouse-key, move the cursor to the next corner, press
   the left mouse-key again and go on like this until you come to the
   starting point again. There press the right mouse-key. Now the box
   is ready and you can start drawing again in some other place. This
   example is just to demonstrate the easy procedure, for Layo1 has an
   even quicker way to draw a box by means of only two mouse clicks.

Shortest route

   Layo1 will always take the shortest route from A to B, but will on
   layers 1 ... 7 only use straight line-sections with angles of 45°
   and 90° relative to the axes. The example will show you how this
   works.

   The line is begun at A by pressing the left mouse-key. The pen is
   put on the paper and is drawn to C with the cursor. The angle at B
   is made by Layo1 itself. At point C the line can be concluded by pressing
   the right mouse-key which will lift the pen up from the paper. If
   you want to go on drawing from C straight away, you must press the
   left mouse-key. The line is then fixed to point C and you can go on
   to D etc.

   If you want B in another place, follow this procedure: start drawing
   again in some other part of the screen. Place A by pressing the left
   mouse-key and move the cursor to C. Now press the two outer mouse-keys

Drawing backwards
   The pen is still on the paper and you can now draw backwards in the
   previously drawn line. Move the cursor to the left, back into the
   line and you will notice that the points A and C will remain fixed,
   but that you can <->manoeuver the line in between into all sorts of
   twists. By pressing the left mouse-key or the two left or right mouse-keys
   you can fix the required pattern in the line. If you press two mouse-keys,
   the cursor will jump to the next or previous point in the line.

Inserting
   Once you have defined all new angles Layo1 has created (inserted)
   as many datalines. You can now go forward and backwards through the
   drawn line via the data points, with the + and <196> key
   respectively or by pressing the two left (forward) or right (backwards)
   mouse-keys.

Forward/ backwards
   The cursor jumps from point to point and you can see the dataline
   counter in the top left corner of the screen go up or down. Any point
   on which the cursor is placed in this way can be moved. As soon as
   you jump to the next or previous point the adjustment is fixed.

   Once you are ready with your adjustments you go back with the +-key
   to point C and you can go on drawing.

F2 = via

   A via is the smallest pad in Layo1. Its main purpose is to interconnect
   tracks on two sides of the PCB by means of a soldering joint. In complicated
   designs a via may often be an easy way-out. A via is placed (or deleted)
   in the cursor position by pressing F2.

Layo1

Free lines
   When working on a .PLY design in Layo1, you can only draw
   tracks on the protected layers 1 and 2 that have their starting point
   on a pad or on an existing trace that is present in the netlist that
   has been read. Free (unconnected) tracks cannot be drawn on these
   layers.

   If the design has been created by means of a netlist and component
   list, layers 1 and 2 are protected. If you try to begin a track on
   pads that belong to pins of components which have been read in, this
   will result in a message. An example of such a message in the top
   of the screen:

    NET 5  6 PINS  3 SUBNETS

   This line tells you to which connection number (cf. netlist in Appendix)
   that point belongs, the number of pins <->belonging to it and the
   number of subnets.

===> Attention:
   Before you can start drawing a track you must double-click the left
   mouse-key on the starting point again.

5.2.0.1 Faulty connections

Layo1
   If you use the Layo1 Editor on the basis of a rats<->nest, Layo1
   Plus will check whether the connections made by you are all right.
   If a faulty connection is made, it is marked with a small cross on
   layer 13 in the place of the relevant pin.

   Ctrl F6 will display the faulty connections.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.3 Edit

   This function can be activated via the menu option draw in the
   menu line, as indicated above. However, it can usually also be activated
   directly from the other drawing functions and from the Layo1 Editor
   (by pressing all three mouse-keys or the =-key).

   If edit is activated when the cursor is on a line-section or a pad,
   this will start blinking. Layo1 will ask you if this is the one that
   you wanted...

       Found? yes/no

   If this is not the line or pad you wanted, press the right mouse-key
   and start anew. You can also make Layo1 continue searching in the
   same place by pressing the middle mouse-key.

   If it is the right element, you can confirm this by pressing the left
   mouse-key. The mouse-key functions will now differ from the above
   to some extent.

   In the top left corner of the screen there is the word edit
   followed by the number of the dataline in which the <->selected element
   of your design is stored. By using the + and <196> keys
   or the two left or right mouse-keys you can go forward and backwards
   through the datalines. Thus, you can page through the datalines of
   the program that you have created while drawing. All lines, tracks
   and pads form datalines and are stored in the same order as you have
   created them. Thus, by paging through the datalines, you can check
   everything that you have done in the same order in which you did it.

   Once you arrive at line-section that you wanted to edit, you can manipulate
   it with the mouse until it is to your liking. Pressing the right mouse-key
   will conclude the procedure.

Insert-
   Please refer to section 5.2.

F1 = help
   Dependent on the way that you activated the edit function the mouse
   functions may vary somewhat. Pressing F1 will always call up
   an overview of the current mouse-key functions. Pressing Esc
   removes the overview again.

F5
   If you have made any changes in your design, you are recommended to
   press F5. This will rewrite and update your on-screen picture
   completely according the new situation.

Shift F5
   Shift F5 switches between overlapping and mixed color display:
   this may make it easier to perceive the starting points and finishing
   points of tracks (datalines).

Layo1

   If you start editing in a design made on the basis of a netlist, you
   will notice that, as soon as you select a pad or a trace, the pads
   and tracks connected with it will also start blinking: now you can
   clearly see what consequences your editing may have.

   In addition, the top line of the screen will give you information
   on the relevant point, e.g.:

    NET 5  6 PINS  3 SUBNETS

   This line tells you to which connection number (cf. netlist in Appendix)
   that point belongs, the number of pins belonging to it and the number
   of subnets.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.4 Copy

   This menu option is also activated by pressing the left mouse-key.
   Next you place the cursor on the line-section that you want to copy
   and press the left mouse-key. The selected line-section will start
   blinking and Layo1 will ask you:

       Found?     yes / no

   If this is not the line you want, press the right mouse-key or press
   the middle mouse-key to make Layo1 go on searching in the same place.

   If it is the right line section, press the left mouse-key. The mouse-key
   functions have now been adjusted to the new situation as will appear
   from the following illustration. The selected line-section will now
   move along with the cursor: you can now move it to the required position
   with the mouse. Pressing the left mouse-key once will place the line
   in the new position. This can be repeated until you press the right
   mouse-key to conclude this procedure.

   You can now select a different line-section for copying in the same
   way or you can exit from this function by pressing the right mouse-key,
   which will call up the menu line again.

   In addition to lines and tracks you can also copy other elements in
   the same way, such as circles, ellipses, boxes and texts.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.5 Delete

   This menu option is also activated by pressing the left mouse-key.
   Next, you place the cursor on the line-section that you want to delete
   and press the left mouse-key. The selected line-section will start
   blinking and Layo1 will ask you:

       Found?     yes / no

   If this is not the line you want, press the right mouse-key or press
   the middle mouse-key to make Layo1 go on searching in the same place.

   If it is the right line section, press the left mouse-key. The selected
   line-section is deleted.

   You can now select a different line-section for deleting in the same
   way or you can exit from this function by pressing the right mouse-key,
   which will call up the menu line again.

   In addition to lines and tracks you can also delete other elements
   in the same way, such as circles, ellipses, boxes and text.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.6 Text

   This menu option enables you to add texts to your design. Again, this
   option is activated by pressing the left mouse-key.

   In the top left corner of the screen there will appear an <->indication
   that you are about to place text. The mouse-keys are as follows:

Draw
   Press the left mouse-key in order to place text. If you have not placed
   any text since Layo1 was last started or since the last reset, Layo1
   will ask you first which font you want to use.

   This is because it is possible in Layo1 to design and store your own
   fonts (and/or logos) in addition to Layo1's standard font. Cf. section
   14.

   In the top left corner you will be asked for the required .FNT file
   and the full DOS path name (i.e. including <->directory and any subdirectories).
   However, pressing the middle mouse-key will call up a selection menu
   with the .FNT file names that are present in Layo1's FONTS subdirectory.
   From this selection menu you can make a choice with the left mouse-key.

   Once your font has been selected, Layo1 will ask you to type the text
   you require. Conclude your text by pressing Enter or CR.
   The text that you type will now be attached to the cursor. Before
   positioning the text and placing it with the left mouse-key, you are
   still free to position, enlarge, reduce, rotate and/or mirror the
   text. Cf. hereafter.

Zoom
   Here too, you can use the zoom function (middle mouse-key) to move
   the picture of your design over the screen, or to enlarge or reduce
   it.

   The zoom function cannot be used once you have typed text and this
   text is still <169>attached<170> to the cursor.

Select pen diameter

   Before placing the text, when it is still attached to the cursor,
   you can still adjust the pen diameter if you want to by pressing the
   p-key. This will call up a menu line with the different pen
   diameters.

Select layer

   Preferably, text is placed on layers 8 and up (layer 9 is recommended).
   You can select the layer you want by pressing the l-key and
   then selecting the required layer with the mouse or function-keys.

Enlarge text

   You can enlarge your text by pressing the two left mouse-keys: you
   can repeat this until the size is to your liking. Instead you can
   use the +-key.

Reduce text

   You can reduce your text by pressing the two right mouse-keys: you
   can repeat this until the size is to your liking. Instead you can
   use the <196> key (minus).

Rotate text

   You can rotate the text attached to your cursor in steps of 90°
   by pressing the two outer mouse-keys or the r-key.

Mirror text

   By pressing all mouse-keys simultaneously the text will be mirrored.
   You can also use F2.

Place text

   Once you are satisfied with the text you can position it with the
   mouse and place it by pressing the left mouse-key or the Ins key.

Delete/move text

   Once a text has been placed, it can be deleted, moved, <->copied or
   rotated with the help of the options under the Multi Function option
   in the menu line. Please refer to section 8.2.

Settings not lost

   The settings made here (pen diameter, text size, rotation, mirror)
   are saved by Layo1. As soon as you add another text, it will appear
   on the screen in the same way as the one before. However, this text
   in its turn can again be manipulated as was described above.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.7 Box

   This option will draw a rectangle on the screen. This is useful for
   the design of components, or for keeping a part of the PCB free on
   one or more layers when using the Autorouter, or for limiting the
   Autorouter's traces to a particular area. This can easily be done
   by drawing a box round the area within which the Autorouter can draw
   its traces.

Place box

   Placing a box is done in the following way: first select menu option
   Box by pressing the left mouse-key. The menu will disappear
   and your back in your design again. Next, place the cursor on one
   of the corners of the rectangle to be drawn and press the left mouse-key
   (or Ins-key). Then move the cursor to the opposite corner and
   you will see the box show up on the screen. Once it is as you want
   it to be, press the left mouse-key (or Enter) again. However,
   if you want to abort the procedure or e.g. want to select a new starting
   point for the rectangle, press the right mouse-key and you can start
   the procedure over again.

   If you want to exit from the Box option and return to the menu
   line, press the right mouse-key (or Esc) again.

   As when drawing lines and tracks, you can use various layers (l-key)
   and pen diameters (p-key) while making boxes. Here too, the
   middle mouse-key controls zooming in order to enlarge, reduce and/or
   move the picture.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.8 Circle

===> Attention:
   Layers 8 and up! You can draw circles on all layers of Layo1,
   but layers 8 and up will yield the best results. Layo1 will remind
   you of this by showing the layer selection menu for you to select
   the required layer, as soon as you are about to draw a circle on layers
   1 ... 7.

   Drawing a circle is done in the same way as drawing a rectangle (cf.
   box).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.9 Ellipse

===> Attention:
   Layers 8 and up! You can draw ellipses on all layers of Layo1,
   but layers 8 and up will yield the best results. Layo1 will remind
   you of this by showing the layer selection menu for you to select
   the required layer, as soon as you are about to draw an ellipse on
   layers 1 ... 7.

   Drawing an ellipse can be done in the same as drawing a rectangle
   or a circle (cf. box and circle).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.10 Corners

   With this menu option you can define dimensions for your design. This
   is only necessary for complete layouts. Components and subdrawings
   need no corners for storage on disk and will automatically receive
   the extension .LMC after their file name.

   Complete layouts have the extension .PLY or LML (optional).



Place corners

   Placing the corners is a simple mouse-controlled procedure. Place
   the cursor on one of the corners, press the left mouse-key (or
   Ins-key). Next, move the cursor to the opposite corner of your
   PCB and press the left mouse-key again (or Enter) for confirmation.
   While doing so, you will see the rectangle show up that will outline
   your design. If there were any existing corners these will be replaced
   by the new ones.

Layo1
   In Layo1 the PCB dimensions and offset will usually be
   defined in Advance in a .CNF file via the PCB configuration menu.
   When you are editing an existing Layo1 layout and you select
   the corner menu option, the new corners will be placed and the new
   PCB dimensions will be automatically adjusted to the new values in
   the relevant .CNF file (PCB configuration).

===> Attention:
   The most practical procedure is to start placing the corners from
   the offset: thus you will be able to read the exact PCB sizes from
   the coordinates in the top right corner. You can also use function
   key F6 to do this. This will give the current cursor position
   the coordinates 0,0. You can reset the original coordinates later
   by pressing r 1.

   Incidentally, you can always readjust the corners later by placing
   them all over again following the above procedure.

Layer 15
   Corners are automatically placed on layer 15 by Layo1. Therefore,
   you are recommended not to use this layer for other purposes.

Zoom
   As always, you can zoom and move the picture over the screen by using
   the middle mouse-key.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.11 Define

   This option enables you to define Layo1's preset pen diameters. Once
   you have activated this option you are prompted to select pen1 ...
   pen7, after which you can specifcy the pen diameter required. In this
   manner you can alter all pen diameters. After resetting Layo1 all
   pen diameters will return to the default settings of Layo1.

Layo1
   In Layo1 the pendiameters will be saved in the .CNF file that
   is attached to your .PLY design, and become active again when you
   load that design.
**************************************************************************



======================  Layo1 Editor Pad

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.1 Pads

   When you select the pad option from the menu line, a submenu
   will appear under the menu line from which you can make your next
   selection by pressing the left mouse-key:

F1 = help
   While working, pressing F1 will always call up an overview of
   the current mouse-key functions. Pressing Esc removes the overview
   again.

In a nutshell ...

   The menu options are self-evident: you can place stan<->dard pads,
   copy, replace and delete them.

===> Attention:
   Please note that in Layo1 pads that belong to components
   that have been placed via a component list had better not be
   deleted: they contain netlist information. Deletion could render the
   ratsnest and the Autorouter unserviceable. If should you try to do
   so anyway, Layo1 will warn you and ask for your confirmation.

Window
   This function, which can be activated by pressing the outer mouse-keys,
   makes it possible to manipulate parts of the design. For more details,
   please refer to section 8.5.2.

Tool numbers

   To each pad you can assign one from 8 tool numbers. The hole diameters
   to go with these tool numbers can be specified via the menu option
   drill program in Layo1's main menu, which is discussed at greater
   length in section 12.

   Tools can also be specified by means of the TOOL option of PADS. Cf.
   section 6.6.

Layo1
   In Layo1 the hole diameters are specified in the PCB configuration
   menu that is created for each new design.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.2 Place pads

   The menu option place pad can also be activated directly (without
   the help of the menu line), by pressing the left and middle mouse-key,
   when working in the Layo1 Editor.

   Once the place pad option is activated, one of Layo1's standard pads
   will be visible in the position of the cursor. With asymmetric pads
   the cursor position is identical with the connecting point (drilling
   hole). A pad can be placed by simply pressing the left mouse-key.
   Next, you can place the same pad in the same way in another position
   if you like.

Layer 0
   Standard pads are automatically placed on layer 0 by Layo1.

Select pads

   Pressing the left and middle mouse-key (or a single keystroke on s)
   will call up the menu line from which you can select the various standard
   pads 0 ... 15. As soon as you select one of them with the mouse, you
   can see its shape and size appear in the cursor position. Once pressing
   the left mouse-key is enough to select the pad that you require. From
   the menu line you can also do this using the function-keys: F1
   for pad 1 and Shift F1 for pad 11.

Sizes

   The sizes of the pads are the following:

   Pad nr     in inches    in millimeters

   0     3/80    0.95    via

   1 ... 4    8/80 x 5/80    2.54 x 1.59

   5 and 6     11/80 x 5/80     3.49 x 1.59

   7     5/80    1.59

   8     7/80    2.22

   9     9/80     1.27

   10     11/80    3.49

   11     13/80    4.13

   12      15/80    4.75

   13     17/80    5.40

   14    19/80    6.03

   15     21/80    6.67

   Here you can see the pads in actual size

Via
   The smallest pad, the via, is used to interconnect tracks on different
   layers in multi-layer PCBS.

Custom pads
   Size and shape of the pads can be adjusted by the user. Cf. section
   6.7.

===> Attention:
KST = If you place pads in components that you later want
   to connect with the Autorouter, please remember that they are in the
   right <169>grid<170> for the Autorouter. Therefore, the best procedure
   for placing pads in this case is setting the cursor stepsize to 1/20
   inch or bigger.

Tool selection

   By pressing the middle and right mouse-key (or pressing the t-key)
   you can select the required tool (tool number) for the relevant pad.
   This can be done using the mouse, but from the menu line you can also
   do this with the function-keys: F1 for tool number 1 etc.

   The diameters going with the various tool numbers are specified in
   the PCB configuration menu (Layo1 only) and can be adjusted
   there. This PCB configuration menu can be called up via the options
   option in the menu line. This procedure stores the tool data with
   the other <->information on the relevant design.

   Besides, the hole diameters are always specified when <->creating a drill   program.

===> Attention:
   For the exact positioning of several pads at fixed intervals it may
   be very convenient to adjust the cursor stepsize. Reducing or enlarging
   the cursor stepsize is activated by means of F9 and F10
   respectively. At the top of the screen the current stepsize will be
   displayed. Once the cursor stepsize is identical with the interval
   between the pads that you require, you will be able to place these
   pads very quickly by using the arrow keys and the Ins-key. You
   can also use the mouse to do so, of course.

Move pads

   If a pad is not positioned to your liking you can easily move it by
   placing a pad over it. In the top left corner of the screen the word
   move will appear. Now you can move the pad to a new position and place
   it there by pressing the right mouse-key.

   If the pad to be moved is of the same size as the pad that was already
   attached to the cursor, they will coincide completely and hence be
   invisible if the color selection is unfortunate. Once you have placed
   the pad that was to be moved by pressing the right mouse-key
   both pads will be visible again.

   You are now back in the place pad function again.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.3 Replace pads

   Placed pads can simply be replaced by other pads.

   This function is identical with the place pads function on the understanding
   that when a new pad is placed in the position of an existing pad,
   the latter will be removed and replaced by the new pad.

   Here too, it is possible to select another tool number (t-key)
   or pad (s-key). Please refer to the previous section place
   pads.

===> Attention:
   Please note that in Layo1 pads that belong to components
   that have been placed via a component list cannot be replaced,
   copied and deleted since this would render the ratsnest and the Autorouter
   unserviceable.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.4 Copy pads

   Instead of selecting a new type of pad time and again, this option
   makes it possible to select a pad from elsewhere in the design and
   copy it to other positions in the design. Pads copied in this way
   are identical (including the tool number) with the original.

   The pad to be copied is selected by pressing the left mouse-key. After
   that, the function is the same as place pads. Use the left mouse-key
   to place the pad in the <->required position(s). Please refer to the
   previous section place pads.

===> Attention:
   Please note that in Layo1 pads that belong to components
   that have been placed via a component list cannot be replaced,
   copied and deleted since this would render the ratsnest and the Autorouter
   unserviceable.

Copy groups of pads
   In multi function, which can be activated via the menu line,
   it is possible to copy groups of pads as a whole. Please refer to
   section 8.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.5 Delete pads

   As all others, this menu option can be activated by pressing the left
   mouse-key. This will make the menu disappear and your are back with
   your design again.

   Deleting a pad does not take more than pressing the left mouse-key
   when the cursor is exactly over the center of the pad to be
   deleted.

   For pinpoint positioning it may be convenient to enlarge or reduce
   the cursor stepsize with F9 and F10 respectively, or to
   enlarge the picture by pressing the zoom-key: press the middle mouse-key
   and select a bigger zoom factor. Remember that in the latter case
   the current cursor <->position will be the new center of the screen.

===> Attention:
   Please note that in Layo1 pads that belong to components
   that have been placed via a component list cannot be deleted
   since this would render the ratsnest and the Autorouter unserviceable.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.6 Tool

   This option enables you to define the toolnumber to be used for each
   pad separately.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.7 Define

   Size and shape of each of the 16 pads in Layo1 can be user defined.
   These user defined setting will be reset to Layo1 default after resetting
   Layo1. They will however be saved in the .CNF file that is attached
   to every Layo1 design (.PLY).
**************************************************************************



======================  Layo1 Editor Autorouter

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.1 Autorouter

Layo1
   When selecting Autorouter from the menu line a submenu will
   appear. Above is the Autorouter submenu for Layo1 when a design
   has been loaded.

An overview:

Set up
   Enables you to configure the Autorouter just the way you want it work.
   Grid size, vias yes or no, layerselection, etcetera you can set up
   the Autorouter to perfectly fit the job and your needs and preferences.

Define window
   Set up a window in which the Autorouter can place its tracks. A useful
   option when you want to restrict the area that is available to router.

Manual
   In this operational mode you point at the two pads or points to be
   connected and the Layo1 Autorouter will try to find the shortest way
   without crossing existing tracks on the same layer.

Layo1
   Once a netlist and componentlist have been loaded from a scheme designer
   and all components have been put in their proper place in your design,
   the following powerful tools are at your disposal in Layo1, within
   the limitations that you specified in Autorouter Set up.

Route track
   You can select any track in the netlist and have Layo1 find the
   shortest possible connection.

Route net
   Same as Rout track, but now Layo1 will work out all connections
   within a net.

Route all nets
   Again the same as above but this time the Layo1 Autorouter will
   try to make all the connections in the design.

Reroute
   After Autorouting some nets or tracks seem to need a different router
   configuration to obtain a better result. With the reroute options
   you can delete the track or net(s) and have it routed again with a
   different configuration. The Reroute options enable you keep control
   over the Autorouting process. After some manual adjustments you can
   have the Layo1 Autorouter to reroute a track, a net or all nets in
   the design.

===> Attention:
   The Autorouter functions can only be used after the corners have
   been placed, or after defining a router window.

Read.me
   The Autorouter is one of Layo1's latest powerful features: its possibilities
   are still being added to all the time. The <->latest developments
   are discussed in a read.me file on the original program disk.
   If there is such a file on your disk, please refer to it first.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.2 Autorouter Set up

   Selecting this option will display a second submenu:

   It enables you to configure the Autorouter to your preferences and
   to the specific design you're working on. Changing the options can
   be done by selecting them and using the + and <196> keys
   or the both left or right mouse buttons respectively.

Grid size

   You can use a 1/40 or a 1/20 inch grid.

Bus-router

   The Bus-router option is extremely useful when routing RAM-boards
   or RAM-banks in your design. It uses regular patterns for the tracks
   so that repeating track patterns are perfectly fitted to your design.

Lee-router

   The Lee-router option use the Lee-algoritm. Not the fastest way to
   make connections but sure to find the path if it's there. It can be
   switched on or off.

Via-router

   This option enables or disables the use of vias if anything else fails.
   You might use it to get the last couple of connections allright.

45° routing<$I45°
   routing>

   Switched off all tracks will use 90° bends, switched on you'll
   get 45° bends.

Pad to pad

   If switched on the router will only work from pad to pad and not from
   track to pad or track to track.

Horizontal/vertical

   It's good PCB designers practice to put all mainly horizontal tracks
   on one side of the PCB and all mainly vertical tracks on the other.
   With these options you can preset the layers to be used for horizontal
   and vertical tracks. By default they are set to layers 1 and 2 respectively
   and it is best not to change that. When designing single sided PCB's
   horizontal and vertical must be set to the same layer (1 or 2).

Max xy error / Max len error <$Imax
   error>

   This parameters restrict the margin of movement of the Autorouter.
   To the Autorouter the ideal connection between two points is a straight
   line, straight or diagonal along the grid.

XY
   With the Max xy error set to 0 the Autorouter will only rout these
   straight line connections. So you will have to give the Autorouter
   some margin to work within. The higher the value, the more connections
   will be made (try 8 or 16 or higher). The value is set grid-steps
   (1/20 or 1/40 inch).

len error
   To the Autorouter it is also obvious that the shortest track between
   two points equals the distance between these points. If you set the
   Max len error to 0 the Autorouter will only try to make this short
   connections. Again you will have to give the Autorouter some margin
   for a roundabout road to avoid other pads and sometimes loop around
   other tracks. Again the value is set in grid steps. If the length
   of a possible connection exceeds the distance between points plus
   the max len error the Autorouter will not make that connection.

Lee-router
   The setting of the Max len error can be important when using the Lee-router.
   When a connection is possible the Lee-router will find the way, but
   sometimes it takes a long way to get there.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.3 Define window    (autorouter)>

   With this option you can define a window on screen to restrict the
   Autorouter. The router will only make connections within the window
   defined.

===> Attention:
   For more information on using a window with the Autorouter please
   refer to section 7.7.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.4 Manual autorouting

   Once you have set up your favourite Autorouter configuration. You
   can get to work. In order for the Autorouter to work properly, corners
   should be set or a window should be placed (w-key) around the
   area that is available for the Autorouter. If not, the Autorouter
   will try to self-determine an invisible window around the elements
   already placed in the design.

   Creating tracks with the Autorouter is a very simple procedure. Once
   you have <->activated the option you move the cursor to the point
   where the track is to begin. Press the left mouse-key. Now move the
   cursor to the next point that is to be connected via the track and
   press the left mouse-key again. At the point where the track ends
   and you want to go to a new connection, press the right mouse-key
   to conclude the track. Now you can start on a new track, if you like.

   Pressing F1 will always call up an overview of the current mouse-key
   functions.

Window
   When a window is placed (press both the left and right mouse-keys,
   drag the window to the desired position and click the left mouse-key)
   the Autorouter will only try to make connections within that window.
   In this way it is possible to rout different areas of your
   design using different Autorouter settings. To do so, first place
   a window over a selected area set the Autorouter configuration for
   that particular area and start the Autorouter. When finished remove
   the window by first pressing the outer two mouse-keys and then the
   right mouse-key. Reconfigure the Autorouter to the desired settings
   and start the Autorouter again. It will now route the remaining nets
   and tracks according to the new setting.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.5 Route track / net / all nets

Layo1 ONLY!

   Once netlist and componentlist have been loaded and all components
   are placed properly you can start the Layo1 Autorouter to make all
   connections. First you might want to alter the settings in the Autorouter
   Set up menu.

Route track

   When this option is activated Layo1 expects you to select a track
   by clicking the left mouse button when it's positioned on that track.
   The Layo1 Autorouter will now find the best connection within the
   given restrictions.

Route net

   Same as above. Now the Layo1 Autorouter will try to solve all connections
   within a selected net.

Route all nets

   This time you don't select anything. You've selected everything. The
   Layo1 Autorouter will start to make all connections according to the
   netlist. Again within the given limitations.

Your choice

   Routing track by track or net by net or routing all nets at once is
   your choice. You might find that some parts of your design could best
   be routed using only the Bus-router without any vias and that some
   other connections should be made by the Lee-router with vias enabled.
   For the odd connection that won't work either way you might want to
   accept a larger XY or LEN error. It's all up to you. Layo1 offers
   you all the flexibility you need.

===> Attention:
   For general information on the use of the Layo1 Autorouter please
   also refer to section 7.7.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.6 Reroute track / net / all nets

   Rerouting of tracks, nets or all nets enables you to evaluate the
   result of an Autorouting process, to make some adjustments to your
   design or to alter the Autorouter's Set up and then to Reroute some
   of the tracks or nets or all nets.

   Rerouting is nothing more and nothing less than to have the Autorouter
   rout a track or net(s) anew. The selected item is first deleted after
   which the Autorouter is started again to rout that item. Cf. section
   7.3

===> Attention:
   For general information on the use of the Layo1 Autorouter please
   also refer to section 7.7.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.7 Autorouting general notes

Quiting
   You can always interrupt the Autorouter by pressing Esc.

Pad colors

Layo1
   When using the Autorouter on the basis of an imported netlist or component
   list, the colors of pads and traces will be different. This makes
   it easy to see which pads are part of the netlist, and which connections
   have been made and which have not. Once a pad from the netlist is
   selected with the mouse it is highlighted, as are all other pads that
   are to be connected with this point. If the connection has already
   been made, this will also light up so that it is clearly visible on
   the screen which pads are connected by which traces.

   This can also be seen in the small window in the top left corner of
   the screen where all pads of the entire design are displayed. Thus,
   you can also see the pads to be connected which are off-screen at
   that moment.

Not solved

   The Autorouter will not automatically create vias (unless permitted
   in the Autorouter Set up menu) and will not create any tracks that
   cross other tracks on the same layer. Apparently, you have set the
   Autorouter an impossible task. In that case press the right mouse-key
   and if possible try again on another layer or make the connection
   with the help of vias over the different layers.

   You might also wish to review your settings in the Autorouter Set
   up menu for this particular connection. Try switching on the Lee-router
   if it is off or enable vias. If that does not work increase the XY
   and LEN errors for this connection and try to route the track or net
   again.

Select layer

   You can always select the layer that you want to work on with the
   Autorouter. Pressing the l-key will offer you an on-screen choice
   from all layers. With function-keys F7 and F8 you can
   quickly switch between the layers most used, 1 and 2, or the layers
   that you have assigned to these keys yourself. You can also use the
   two left or right mouse-keys to do this.

Only pen 1

   You can select a pen diameter when working with the Autorouter. Be
   carefull however: the Autorouter does not take pen diameters in consideration
   when making connections. Using a large pen diameter could lead to
   shorts in your PCB. Of course you can adjust the width of particular
   tracks later.

Faulty connections

Layo1
   If you use the Layo1 Editor on the basis of a rats<->nest, Layo1
   Plus will check whether the connections made by you are all right.
   If a faulty connection is made, it is marked with a small cross on
   layer 13 in the place of the relevant pin.

   Ctrl F6 will display the faulty connections.

Keeping an area free

   If you do not want the Autorouter to draw its tracks in a particular
   area of your design, you can keep it free by drawing a box around
   it. The Autorouter will then draw its tracks around this area. In
   the same way you can avoid the Autorouter drawing its tracks outside
   a particular area. You can define the Autorouter's operational area
   by drawing a window around the area within which the Autorouter should
   stay. Combinations are also possible, e.g. limiting the operational
   area of the Autorouter while within that operational area particular
   areas are inaccessible to the Autorouter.

   You can start drawing a box by pressing the two left mouse-keys. To
   draw a window use the right and left mouse-keys.

   Windows and boxes are also useful if you want to apply different ways
   of Autorouting to some parts of your design (e.g. RAM-banks). In that
   way you can rout some restricted areas (within a window) with the
   Bus-router, while routing the remainder using the Lee-router with
   vias enabled (after deleting the window of course).

Deleting a track

   A track can be deleted quickly by pressing the two right mouse-keys
   while the cursor is on the track to be deleted. The question Found?
   yes/no will be displayed on the screen and the track will start
   blinking. Select the required answer with your mouse and confirm by
   pressing the left mouse-key. By pressing the right mouse-key you can
   quit from this question and everything is left as it was. If you press
   the middle mouse-key Layo1 will start searching for another track
   in the cursor position.

Edit track

   The tracks created by the Autorouter can be edited in a simple way.
   To do so you press all three mouse-keys simultaneously. Please refer
   to section 5.

Ratsnest function-keys

Layo1
   For the maintenance of an imported netlist during work Layo1 has a
   number of powerful functions that can be <->activated in the following
   way:

Ctrl F1
   Reset ratsnest (remove layer 14) in Layo1.

Ctrl F2
   New ratsnest of the pad in the cursor position, with new calculated
   shortest connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F3
   New ratsnest of the component at the cursor, with new calculated shortest
   connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F4
   Update the ratsnest in Layo1. All existing connections
   are removed from the ratsnest so that you can see which connections
   are yet to be made.

Ctrl F6
   Check all connections according to the netlist in Layo1.
   Faulty connections are marked with a small cross on layer 13.
**************************************************************************















======================  Layo1 Editor Multi Function

























-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.1 Multi Function

   When you select Multi Function from the menu line, a submenu
   will appear under the menu line from which you make your next selection
   by pressing the left mouse-key:



===> Attention:
   As long as your design is still blank, it is not possible to select
   Multi Function: there is nothing to manipulate.

F1 = help
   While working, pressing F1 will always call up an overview of
   the current mouse-key functions. Pressing Esc removes the overview
   again.

Introduction

   In Multi Function you can manipulate existing data as will appear
   from the new submenu that appears once you select one of the four
   options (Block/P1..P2/Line/ Window) with the help of the left mouse-key.

   Multi Function enables you to copy, move, rotate or delete parts of
   your drawing or parts of the data file with which your drawing was
   created.

Block

   A block is a component or a subdrawing imported from Layo1's component
   databank or a text that has been typed. Such a block can be manipulated
   as a whole.

P1 .. P2

   This function makes it possible to delete, move, rotate or copy datalines
   that are in between two points (P1..P2).

Line

   Every track can be selected for further editing. The <->selected trace
   can be deleted, rotated, moved or copied.

Window

   In several Layo1 functions a window (box) can be defined (usually
   with the help of the two outer mouse-keys). All information (components,
   pads, tracks, etc.) within that window can be moved, deleted, rotated
   or <->copied. When moving or rotating, all traces (connections) are
   pulled along to the new position.

===> Attention:
   You are recommended to press F5 after every manipulation in
   Multi Function. This will rewrite and update your on-screen picture
   and will remove any shadows of the previous version. Thus, you will
   be able to see what you are doing again.

Autorouter
   If you manipulate parts of a drawing that you want to connect with
   the help of the Autorouter later, it is important to set the cursor
   stepsize to 1/20 or 1/10 inch and to position the cursor on the grid
   correctly by twice pressing the *-key (asterisk). Else,
   there could be the risk that pins are placed just missing the Autorouter
   grid which will result in faulty connections.

A practical example

   Using the subdrawing RAM-4.LMC from the Layo1 component databank may
   clarify the various possibilities of Multi Function to save much time:

1.
   The profile of the left component is drawn on layer 8 using the drawing
   function of the Layo1 Editor.

2.
   The right array of pads is placed in this component with the pad function
   of the Layo1 Editor.

3.
   Using the options window, copy block or P1..P2 of Multi Function the
   array of pads is selected and copied to the left half of the component.
   (The component thus created could now be stored in the component databank.)

4.
   Using the option copy window of Multi Function the <->entire
   component is now selected and copied three times.

5.
   With the interactive Autorouter (Bus-router) the topmost track
   is quickly created by pointing at the points to be connected. The
   Autorouter will automatically steer clear of the pads that are not
   to be connected.

6.
   If necessary, the tracks can still be adjusted with the edit function.

7.
   With the option copy line and rotate line of Multi Function
   the created line is quickly copied in order to create the other connections
   which all have the same shape, <->albeit that half of the tracks is
   rotated by 180°.

8.
   The subdrawing is now ready and can be stored in Layo1's component
   databank. It can be used later for <->designs or as a basis for other
   subdrawings, such as example RAM-8.LMC:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.2 Manipulation

   In all Multi Function options you can copy, move, rotate or delete.
   The procedure of manipulation is always the same: it is described
   hereunder. However, there are differences in the ways the elements
   to be manipulated (block, P1..P2, line and window) are selected. This
   will be dealt with hereafter in separate subsections.

   Once a part of the drawing is selected, it can be manipulated according
   to the submenu options (copy, move/ <->rotate, or delete).

Copying

   The selected part of the drawing can be copied to any place by pressing
   the left mouse-key. Thus, the elements can be copied to more places
   than one until the procedure is concluded by pressing the right mouse-key.

Repeated copying
   If the element is to be copied several times at fixed intervals (e.g.
   a track or a component), Layo1 can do this for you quickly and accurately.
   Copy the element to the first position by pressing the left mouse-key.
   Do not move the mouse and press the two left mouse-keys or the p-key
   in order to set the zero point to the current cursor position. Now
   accurately move the cursor to the next position, type a number between
   0 and 100 on the horizontal numeric keys that you can find over the
   letter keys on your keyboard (this number, with a maximum of 99, will
   now be displayed in the top of the screen) and press the insert
   key or the left mouse-key. The element will now be <->copied the required
   number of times at the interval and with the orientation that you
   specified with your cursor. Please refer to the practical example
   above.

   Thus, it is possible to quickly place a series of identical elements
   next to, under, over, below and above each other at exactly identical
   distances.

Zero point
   Pressing the two left mouse-keys or the p-key you can define
   a new zero point as indicated in the top of the screen. Pressing the
   space bar will remove this text again.

Autorouter
   If you manipulate parts of a drawing that you want to connect with
   the Autorouter later, it is important to set the cursor stepsize to
   1/20 or bigger (1/10 inch etc.) and to position the cursor on the
   grid accurately by twice pressing the *-key (asterisk).

Moving/Rotating

   When you have selected the element that is to be moved or rotated,
   the block will be attached to the cursor. You can move it by moving
   the cursor to the correct new position and there pressing the left
   mouse-key.

   Rotating is done (clockwise) in steps of 90° by pressing the two
   outer mouse-keys, the cursor position being the turning point. Once
   the element is correctly oriented and placed in the right position,
   you can place it there by pressing the left mouse-key. All traces
   will be pulled along to the new position, but they may need some revision.

Layo1
   Once you have read the netlist and component list of a new .PLY design,
   this function (block) can be used to correctly position the
   components. You will notice that the lines of the ratsnest will be
   pulled along. Of course, they remain intact because they only connect
   the pins that are later to be connected with a trace.

   Ctrl F4 will update the ratsnest using the shortest possible
   routes.

Deleting

   Once an element is selected and highlighted on the screen, Layo1 will
   ask you whether this is to be deleted yes or no. Select
   yes or no with the cursor and press the left mouse-key or enter
   key, or press the y or n key.

Layo1
   Whenever you want to manipulate an element that has been imported
   via a component list the program will warn you if there is the risk
   that your action would render the netlist, ratsnest, component list
   or Autorouter unserviceable. So, be extremely careful here.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.3 Block

   A block is an imported component or subdrawing or a text element.
   With the block option this element can be copied to another place
   within the design, moved, rotated or deleted.

   The block will always have to be selected first by pressing the left
   mouse-key. The entire selected block will <->appear highlighted on
   the screen. If this is not the block you want you can either quit
   from this function by pressing the right mouse-key or you can press
   the two right mouse-keys to make Layo1 continue searching for another
   block in the same cursor position.

   If it is the block that you want, confirm by pressing the left mouse-key.

   Please refer to section 8.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.4 P1..P2

   The P stands for Position here, meaning dataline number. With this
   function you can manipulate one or more <->datalines, i.e. deleting,
   copying, rotating or moving.

   Whichever you want to do (copying/moving/rotating/ <->deleting), you
   will first have to select the datalines that you want to manipulate.

   To do so, place the cursor on a pad or a line-section that belongs
   to the group that you want to select and press the left mouse-key.
   If Layo1 can find something in that position, it will start blinking
   and Layo1 will ask you if that is the one you want. If so, press the
   left mouse-key for confirmation. The mouse-key functions will now
   be different.

   Using the two left mouse-keys you can now page forward through the
   datalines of your design; using the two right mouse-keys you can page
   backwards (you can also use the + and <196>-key). The
   cursor will jump from point to point. In this way, go to the starting
   point of the part that you want to select and mark it by pressing
   function-key F7: the relevant line number will be displayed
   in the top left corner of the screen. Now, using the two left mouse-keys
   or the +-key, go to the end of the part that you want to select
   and mark the end by pressing function-key F8.

   In the top left corner of the screen the relevant datalines are indicated
   and the relevant elements are clearly visible in your design.

   Please also refer to section 8.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.5 Line

   This menu option enables you to manipulate a track as a whole. Once
   you have selected the required manipulation from the submenu with
   the left mouse-key, you can select the track by placing the cursor
   on it and pressing the left mouse-key. The relevant track will start
   blinking and Layo1 will ask you if this is the right one. By pressing
   the left mouse-key you confirm Layo1's suggestion; pressing the middle
   mouse-key will make Layo1 continue searching in the same cursor position.
   Pressing the right mouse-key will take you back to the menu line.

   Please refer to section 8.2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.6 Window

   This function enables you to place a box around a particular part
   of your design and to manipulate anything within that box, i.e. copying,
   moving, rotating or deleting. You will first have to select the required
   function and confirm your selection by pressing the left mouse-key.

   You can now define the window to be manipulated. Place the cursor
   on one of the corners of the window to be defined and press the left
   mouse-key. Moving the cursor now, you will notice a box appearing
   on the screen. Move the cursor so that it frames all information that
   is to be manipulated and finally press the left mouse-key. If anything
   goes wrong, quit from the function by pressing the right mouse-key
   and make a fresh start.

Visible layers only
   Only the layers that are visible in the window are affected by the
   manipulation. So first make sure that all active layers are displayed
   on the screen unless you deliberately want to manipulate the information
   of particular layers while leaving the information on other layers
   unaffected.

   Pressing the d-key will call up the layer selection menu line,
   showing which layers are in use and which layers are being displayed.

   Once a window is selected, the function of the left mouse-key changes:



===> Attention:
   The option move window can also be called up directly from other Layo1
   Editor functions (e.g.: draw, Autorouter), usually by pressing the
   two outer mouse-keys or the w-key (in the latter case the current
   cursor <->position will be the starting point of the window). If the
   window function has been selected from a function other than Multi
   Function, a window can be selected in the way described above, but
   the resulting window can only be moved.

   Please refer to section 8.2.

**************************************************************************

















======================  Layo1 Editor Options























-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.1 Options

   When you select Options from the menu line, a submenu will appear
   from which you can make your next selection by pressing the left mouse-key:

F1 = help
   While working, F1 will always call up an overview of
   the current mouse-key functions. Pressing Esc removes the overview
   again. If you STAY on the menu-line (don't type Enter) F1 will give some
   telex-message advise on the subject. If there is nothing to explain, some
   general advise will be given. (Layo1-versions in F1 Files » Delete file)

Options submenu

   Only a short description of the submenu options can be given
   here. Please refer to subsequent subsections for a more detailed discussion
   of the various possibilities.

Edit design CNF
   Editing of the configuration (.CNF) of the PCB design you are working
   on.


Edit NETLISTE
   If a CMP-file exist or you are preparing it this function enables you
   to make connections. INS / mousebutton on pads. Esc to leave. SAVE IT
   EXPLICITELY in Files » Save » Save Net.

Layo1 Toolbox
   This is a magic box whose possibilities are being added to all the
   time (cf. any read.me file on the Layo1 program disk). The current
   version features the following possibilities: moving your design with
   a fixed offset, mirroring it around the X or Y axis, adjusting the
   scaling, adjusting the grid, deleting or editing layers.

Optimizing
   This enables you to replace all square angles in tracks by 45°
   angles. In addition there is a suboption that offers the possibility
   to delete all superfluous datalines which will save memory space and
   improve speed and capacity.

Display CAM
   Overview of the generated program lines of all layers of the design.

Configu- ration
   Edit the current configuration of Layo1.

Printer checkplot
   Makes it possible to make a checkplot on a dot matrix or laser printer.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.2 Layo1 Toolbox

   If you select the option Layo1 Toolbox, a new submenu will appear
   (cf. above).

   You can select the following options which will be discussed in greater
   detail in the subsequent subsections:

X Mirror
   Mirror the entire design around the X axis. Not with .PLY designs
   in Layo1.

Y Mirror
   Idem, but now around the Y axis. Not with .PLY designs in Layo1
   Plus.

XY offset
   Change the XY offset (displacement relative to the zero point) of
   the design. In Layo1 this change is updated in the PCB configuration
   menu straight away and consequently stored in the relevant .CNF file.

Delete layer
   Is self-evident.

Change layer
   With this option all parts of the drawing on a particular layer can
   be transferred to another layer. Layer 0 cannot be transferred.

Drill group
   Will call up the drill group menu in which it is specified how manu
   drill positions there are per layer and per tool number.

Scaling
   This option makes it possible to rescale the measuring of the entire
   design.

Set grid
   This option can place a drawing exactly on the grid which is particularly
   important when a digitizer is used.

X Mirror

   The mirror function to mirror your entire design can be used
   for .PLY and .LMC and .LML designs.


   Using this option  may damage the
   data file of your design. Therefore, you are recommended to save your
   design as a .LML file first and then mirror that version.

   If you want to mirror a complete design around the X axis, you must
   select this option from the Toolbox submenu. In the top left corner
   you can read X mirror. Pressing the left mouse-key is now enough
   to mirror the design relative to the zero point (corner).

Design without corners
   When mirroring a design without corners, e.g. a component or a subdrawing,
   you must first place the cursor on the required zero point before
   pressing the left mouse-key.

Y mirror

   Same as X mirror, but now around the Y axis.

XY offset

   The XY offset is the displacement of the top left corner of the design
   relative to the zero point of the screen.

Layo1
   In Layo1 this offset is usually stored in the PCB configuration
   of the relevant design and can be adjusted there as well.

   Once the option XY offset is activated in the submenu of Layo1's
   Toolbox, the word XY mirror will appear in the top left corner of
   the screen. You can now use the mouse to move the cursor to the required
   new zero point and <->select it by pressing the left mouse-key.

   As the 1/10 inch grid on the screen relates to the zero point of the
   design, moving the zero point will entail <->moving the grid (relative
   to the design).

Delete layer

   This option makes it possible to delete one or more layers from your
   design permanently. The following table will be displayed:

   This table shows all 16 layers of Layo1 and their use in the current
   design. Going through this list with the mouse (cursor), you will
   notice that the cursor skips the layers that are not in use. After
   each layer the corresponding number of coordinates is given. Select
   the required layer with the mouse and confirm by pressing the left
   mouse-key. Layo1 will ask you if the layer is indeed to be deleted.
   Answer yes or no.

===> Attention:
   Layer 0 cannot be deleted.

Change <$Itoolbox;change
   layer>layer

   This option will display the following table:

   Select the required layer in the left column by pressing the left
   mouse-key or the Enter-key. Then point at the new layer with
   the mouse in the right column and again press the left mouse-key.
   Then select start by pressing the left mouse-key.

===> Attention:
   Please remember that combining layers at this stage is <->irrevocable
   and that e.g. combining layers 1 and 2 (top and underside of a double-layer
   PCB will merge the traces of both layers into one from then on.

Save = safe
   Therefore, you are recommended to save your design on the hard disk
   first by pressing the F4 key. Then, you can always go back to
   the old situation.

===> Attention:
   Layer 0 cannot be deleted.





Drill group

   This option will call up the following list:

   This table shows the use (number of coordinates) of the layers of
   your design. It also indicates the number of holes per standard pad
   per tool number.

   When designing a PCB, tool numbers are not usually taken into consideration.
   Components are very frequently copied and moved. Consequently, the
   tool numbers will usually vary. Usually the pad sizes are selected
   while <->designing in relation with the hole later to be drilled.
   Consequently, there is a relation between the pad number and the tool
   number. The drill group option allows this relation to be ordered
   and stored.

   Exceptions can always be adjusted separately later in the Edit
   function.

   The right table shows the number of standard pads per type and the
   corresponding tool numbers. Now it is possible to decide that the
   4 pads number 7 that were to be drilled with tool number 1 must be
   changed to tool number 2. To do so place the cursor on the 4 pads
   number 7 under tool number 1 and press the left mouse-key. Layo1 will
   show what the changes are going to be and will ask for your permission
   (yes/no).

Scaling

   This function is only meant for general drawing and not for PCB design.

   This option allows you to set the plotting scale for your design.
   To do so, specify the new scale and the design will appear on the
   screen according to the new scale (after your confirmation). Layo1
   will use the scale specified by you (0.1000 ... 10) and will multiply
   all coordinates by that factor. However, the width of traces and the
   size of pads remain unaffected. Thus, scaling factor 2 will enlarge
   your design by two.

   This option is particularly useful when designing PCBs of high accuracy
   and density (e.g. SMT).

Fronts
   It can also be very useful whenever you use Layo1 to <->design fronts
   or schemes and you want to load symbols that have a different scale.
   In that case you adjust the <->scaling of your design to that of the
   symbol to be loaded, load the symbol, and rescale your design to its
   original dimensions.

Set grid

   This option makes it possible to place e.g. a PCB design imported
   with a digitizer exactly on the grid.

   In all other cases this option should be used with caution, preferably
   immediately after placing the components.



Digitizer
   As it is not possible to position on 1/100 inch with a digitizer,
   Layo1 lends a helping hand. This option will place all specified coordinates
   exactly on the nearest point of the specified inch grid.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.3  Optimizing

   This option has a submenu with three more options. The first two are
   involved with changing all square angles in tracks into 45° angles.

   The Optimize 45 option will free space in your program by deleting
   all superfluous datalines.

Sq 45 opt 1/40<$Isq 45 opt
   1/40>

   This option replaces all square angles in tracks by 45° angles,
   rounded off by 1/40 inch.

Sq 45 opt 1/80<$Ioptimizing;sq 45 opt
   1/80>

   Similar to the option above, but rounded off by 1/80 inch.

Optimize 45

   This option deletes all superfluous datalines. As Layo1 will often
   place corners automatically when drawing tracks, it is not necessary
   to store every change of direction of a track in a dataline with an
   insert or by pressing the left mouse-key. The datalines created this
   way only take up precious space: they can be deleted with the <->Optimize
   45 option. A regular use of this option will <->improve working speed
   and save memory space and <->capacity.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.4 Edit design PCB <$Itoolbox;edit design
   PCB>

Layo1 only
   If you are not working on a .PLY design on the screen when you select
   this option, Layo1 will ask you if you want to create a new file.
   If you select no, you will be asked for a name for the new file.
   If you select yes, you will be asked if you want to reset Layo1
   (and make a fresh start) yes or no. Next, you can enter your specifications
   for a new configuration menu.

   The PCB configuration menu will appear on the screen. Please refer
   to section 4.2.1.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.5 Display Cam <$Itoolbox;display
   cam>

   This option will call up the CAM list of the design. The left table
   shows which layers are being used and the number of coordinates per
   layer. The total is given at the bottom, where you can also see how
   many coordinates can still be added. This example shows the CAM list
   of a <->design in the Layo1 Demo version which can contain a maximum
   of 1000 coordinates.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.6 Layo1
   configuration

   This option will call up the configuration menu of Layo1 with all
   standard specifications for:

   Video board

   Mouse

   Printer





   Screen settings:

       Cursor type

       Pin numbers

       Tool numbers

       Block numbers

       Display X/Y metric/inches

   Auto save time

   Color Table Selector

   Please refer to section 16 (Layo1 Setup) where this menu is discussed
   in great detail.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.7 Printer <$Itoolbox;printer
   checkplot>checkplot

   With this menu option you can make a checkplot of your design on the
   dot matrix printer or laserjet.

   The procedure depends on the printersetting specified in the configuration
   menu (cf. section 16).

Laserjet

   When a (HP) laserjet (75 / 100 / 150 / 300 dpi) is specified in the
   configuration menu and the printer checkplot option is activated,
   Layo1 will ask for the scale on which to print. Then Layo1 will ask
   you whether you want pads to be printed with open centers or not.
   After that Layo1 starts transmitting the data to your laserjet.

Matrix printer

   If you specified a dot matrix printer in the configuration menu (60x72
   / 72x72 /180x180 dpi) the procedure is the same as with a laserjet
   (scale and open/closed centers). Cf. above.

   In this case however Layo1 will also prompt you for a repeat value.
   If you select 1 the printer head will move over the paper just once:
   your print is soon ready. If you select 4 the printing process will
   take more time but will result in a blacker and better print.



**************************************************************************



======================  Plotter checkplot

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1 Checkplot

   When you select checkplot from Layo1's main menu, a plotter
   driver table will appear on your screen. Some of the specifications
   found here are extracted from the plotter and port configuration (please
   refer to section 15).

Entering the specifi- cations
   With the mouse or using the arrow keys you can move to the various
   fields to be filled in. Except for the file name all specifications
   are entered by means of the + and <196> key, or the two
   left or right mouse-keys respectively. If you hold down the Shift-key
   while doing this, the procedure is speeded up (bigger steps).

Input
   You must first specify the design that is to be plotted. If
   there is a resident design, Layo1 will provide its path and name.
   However, you are free to select another file for plotting. The selection
   of a file is done as was described in section 4.3.

   Once a design is selected, it is displayed on the screen at a reduced
   scale. Pressing Esc will take you back to the table.

Display design
   The latter can also be done with function-key F5. Pressing it
   will display the selected design, pressing it again will take you
   back to the plotter driver table.

Plotter/port
   Next, Layo1 will want to know what plotter you are working with and
   to which parallel (LPTx) or serial (COMx) port it is connected. If
   a serial connection is used, baudrate (speed of transmission) etc.
   must be specified in the plotter configuration menu (please refer
   to section 15). These values can be adjusted by means of the +
   or <196>-key, or the two left or right mouse-keys respectively.

   If several plotters have been installed in the plotter configuration
   menu, you can adjust the selection of a plotter by pressing the +
   or <196>-key, or the two left or right mouse-keys.

Output
   Instead of a port, you can also specify a path and a file name. In
   that case, a plot file will be stored a fixed disk or floppy. If necessary,
   you can later send this file to a plotter using another computer.
   You do not need Layo1 to do that: you can use ordinary DOS commands
   such as COPY or PRINT.

Plot area
   Min/max plot area: here the results are displayed of what was specified
   for XY settings.

Plot scale
   Setting the plot scale is also done by means of the + and <196>key,
   or the two left or right mouse-keys respectively. If necessary, you
   can simultaneously press Shift for bigger steps. The factor
   that you specify here, will be the multiplication factor for all coordinates
   of the design. This value can be specified to within a thousandth.
   This is useful if you want to correct the scaling of your plotter.

Offset
   Here you can specify the distance that you want
   your <->design displaced relative to the top left corner of the plotter.
   A positive X value will result in the design being plotted further
   to the right, a negative further to the right. The same is true for
   the Y value, but then vertically.

Mirror/Rotate
   These options offer the possibility of plotting your design in reverse
   or rotating it (clockwise in steps of 90). You can specify a value
   0 ... 3. For 0 there is no rotation, for 1 a rotation of 90, etc.

Velocity
   Under output you can specify the velocity (pen speed), within the
   limits of the possibilities of the plotter used, and only if the plotter
   allows you to do so from your computer. The velocity that you need
   is dependent on the type of plotter pen that you use and the material
   that you are plotting on. Please refer to specifications of the pen
   and plotter manufacturer.

Auto pen change

must be always on YES

   Here you can choose for automatic or manual pen change. If you select
   no, Layo1 will warn you for every pen change necessary and will wait
   for you to give your Ok before going on. This is only possible when
   you are working with a plotter directly. You cannot do this when creating
   a plot file.





Plot open pads
   You can also decide whether or not you want pads to be plotted with
   a hole in the center. For double-layer PCBs and PCBs that are to be
   drilled via a drilling file it is better to have closed pads. For
   single-layer PCBs that are to be drilled manually, <169>open<170>
   pads can be helpful for the drilling.

   All of these selections are made with the +/<196>-keys or the
   mouse, after you have selected the relevant field.

10 config pages
   In this way you can make up 10 different configuration pages for your
   plotter(s). Once you have made more than one, you can page through
   these pages using the +/<196>-keys or the PgUp/PgDn-keys.
   You can reserve a particular page for a particular type of plot, e.g.:

   Page 1: Plot of the soldering side with corners.

   Page 2: Plot of the component side with corners.

   Page 3: Plot of the component layout with frame.

   Etc.

   Thus, you do not have to specify all the settings all over again,
   but you can store your favorite settings on separate pages. These
   pages are stored for you, but they are not tied to a particular design.

Pen selection
   Finally, in the left table, you will have to specify (for each configuration
   page) which pens are to be used for the plotting of the different
   layers. By not specifying a pen number for all layers you decide which
   layers are going to be plotted or not. For each layer there is an
   indication of the number of datalines (drawing commands), which makes
   it simple to check which layers have been used in the design. You
   can also select a pen for plotting along the data/file name, the 1/10
   inch grid and the tool symbols.

Tool symbols
   You can use the tool symbols to check if the tool numbers assigned
   to the pads are correct. A plot with tool symbols can also serve as
   a reference for the manual drilling of PCBs.

1/10 inch grid
   Plotting the 1/10 inch grid along can be very useful for checking
   the positioning of the components.

Start/stop
   Once everything is to your liking, you can start plotting by pressing
   the left mouse-key when the cursor is on the STOP field. You
   can discontinue the plotting with Esc. If you do so, it is necessary
   to initialize your plotter before making a new plot.

Pause
   You can interrupt and resume the plotting by pressing the Enter-key.
   Plotters that have an internal buffer memory will only interrupt once
   the buffer is empty.

Quit
   Once the plotting is done, you can return to Layo1's main menu by
   pressing Esc or the right mouse-key.

**************************************************************************



======================  Photoplotter

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.1 Photoplotter introduction

   A photoplotter is a high-tech output device that can directly plot
   on to photographic material with extreme accuracy.

   Layo1 can control the most important photoplotters;

   1. Gerber photoplotter

Gerber
   By using different apertures, the Gerber photoplotter is able to plot
   different line widths. This results in more succinct files and a much
   quicker operation. Moreover, Gerber photoplotters that feature a laser
   can plot negatively. These plotters work with a resolution
   of 1/4000 inch.

   Once one of these options is activated Layo1 will ask you for the
   name of the file to be plotted. You can specify the file name
   as was described in section 4.3. The procedures for both photoplotters
   from that point on will be discussed separately hereafter.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.2 Gerber photoplotter      TRACEURS.EXE

   After selecting the Gerber photoplotter and specifying
   the relevant file name, the circuit will appear after F5:

Type Esc and the CAM list of the design is displayed, with
   further information on the layers, the pads and tool numbers, cf.
   above.

   After pressing a key, the following table is displayed:

   Here you can specify the data for 20 different photoplot files
   (*.GE1 ... *.GE8) of the same design. You can specify per design which
   layers are to be plotted. The layers are selected by placing the cursor
   on them and pressing the left mouse-key.

   The above table has already been specified for the file DEMO_SMD
   and will show the following:

Plot file

  c: or a:\gerber\DEMO1.GE1,
   you can switch the letter of the disk on to which the different files
   are to be stored. You can only adjust the letter of the disk (A, B,
   C etc.) using the + and - keys or the two left or
   right mouse-keys.

   The files will always be placed in the directory \GERBER (which will
   be created by Layo1 if necessary) and will always have the name
   of the relevant  file.

Output
   If a Gerber photoplotter is directly connected to your computer the
   plotting information can also be sent there directly. You can specify
   the right port (LPTx or COMx) in the field where in the example a
   file is specified, by using the + and <196>-keys. If a
   serial port COMx) is used, you can also adjust the baudrate, parity,
   number of bits/stopbits. Please refer to section 16 on port configuration.

Save data; Exit

   Making this selection with the left mouse-key will create the files
   on the selected floppy or fixed disk.

\gerber\*.GER
   In addition to the plot files *.G01 ... *.G04, the file *.GER
   is placed in the specified directory. This file contains information
   on the Gerber photoplotter settings: it is meant for the photoplot
   supplier.   Data in *.GER will be taken from the file \LAYO1EE\GERBER.DAT
   This is a source file used by TRACEURS.EXE   You may modify the
   mills column in GERBER.DAT if you need different apertures.


Exit

   By selecting Exit with the left mouse-key or Escape you
   can exit without creating any files.



======================  Textfont editor

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.1 Textfont Editor

   Layo1's textfont editor is an auxiliary program that was included
   in the Layo1 program package on request of <->experienced users.

   It can be used for:

   1. designing your own character sets (alphabets, symbols or logos)

   2. editing an existing character set.

   The textfont editor works in much the same way as the Layo Editor,
   but it requires some experience with the Layo Editor and knowledge
   of the commands used.

===> Attention:
   Beginning users are therefore recommended not to use the textfont
   editor without any previous experience. For usual applications Layo1's
   standard character set has everything you might need.

Character set

   A character set (font) can contain a maximum of 4000 coordinates (drawing
   commands), divided over the characters 32 ... 255. Each of these characters
   is on a separate <169>page<170> of the .FNT file. The page
   numbers correspond with the ASCII codes for the different letters
   and signs and are also referred to with these letters or signs.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.2 Differences from the Layo1 Editor

   Although the procedures of the textfont editor are very similar to
   those of the Layo1 Editor, there is a number of differences.

   1. In the textfont editor only one layer is used to draw on.

   2. The textfont editor does not feature pen diameters.

   3. The displayed grid is set to 2 or 80 steps, dependent on the selected
   zoom factor (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16).

   4. Stepsizes in the textfont editor are: 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,
   and 50 steps.

   5. The maximum sizes per character are 255 x 255 steps.

   6. The textfont editor has two operational modes: draw and edit, which
   can be activated with the t and e-key <->respectively.
   In the top left corner of the screen there is an E when the
   edit mode is active, and a T when the drawing mode is selected
   and the pen is on the paper.

   7. A font file (*.FNT) consists of pages 32 ... 255: each ASCII sign
   has its own page.

One layer

   The layer on which the character is drawn cannot be <->selected. However,
   once a character set is ready, its characters can be placed on any
   layer in the Layo1 Editor, <->although on layers 0 ... 7 there is
   the restriction of the 45° and 90° angles. If you create a
   character set with other angles than 45° and 90°, it can only
   be used on layers 8 ... 15, with pen 1, in order to achieve the best
   results.

Pen diameter

   While designing a character set the shape and the definition of the
   coordinates per character is the most important thing. That is why
   the textfont editor does not have diffe<->rent pen diameters. Once
   the letters and symbols are used in a PCB design they will receive
   the selected pen diameter which you can then select for them.

Zoom

   As in the Layo1 Editor, the middle mouse-key and the z-key control
   zooming. You can choose from the following zoom factors: 1, 2, 4,
   8, and 16. Zoom factor 8 is the standard (default) setting.

   The size of the characters is decided when the text is placed in the
   Layo1 Editor. Then, text can also be rotated and/or mirrored. Please
   refer to section 5.

Stepsize

   The cursor stepsize can be reduced and enlarged with the function
   keys F9 and F10. The following settings are available:
   1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 50 steps.

Draw

   Drawing can be activated by pressing the left mouse-key or the
   t-key. The pen is put on the paper in the cursor position. Once
   drawing is concluded by pressing the right mouse-key, the T
   in the top left corner of the screen will disappear again.

   You can go to the previous or next character (page) using the two
   left and right mouse-keys respectively.

Finishing point

   For the correct positioning of the characters later (the space between
   them) a finishing point must be placed for each character. The top
   left corner of each character (absolute coordinate 0,0) defines the
   starting point of the character. This is the point with which the
   character will be <->attached to the cursor once it is loaded into
   the Layo1 Editor, or with which it follows the previous character.

   For each character you must place the finishing point, i.e. the point
   where the next character in the text is to begin.

   You can place a finishing point by placing the cursor in the required
   position top right of the character and pressing the F2 key.
   When placing the cursor you must remember to leave enough space relative
   to the next character. The finishing point thus placed will determine
   the position of the zero point of the next character in a text.

Edit

   By pressing the e or =-key or all three mouse-keys the
   edit mode is activated: as in the Layo1 Editor existing lines can
   be edited and deleted.

   If the edit function is activated by pressing the e-key the
   cursor will jump to the first coordinate point of the relevant character.
   However, if you use the =-key or all three mouse-keys, the line-section
   under the cursor will start to blink and Layo1 will ask you if this
   is the line-section that you require, as in the Layo1 Editor.

   All mouse-key functions in the textfont editor's edit function relate
   to coordinates, as in the Layo1 Editor's edit function.

Pages

   Each character in the character set has its own page from 32 ... 255.
   These numbers correspond with the ASCII character codes. When placing
   text in the Layo1 Editor, the characters of a character set can be
   called up by pressing the corresponding key. Pressing the Shift
   A key will produce the character of page 65 of the selected character
   set. Small e is on page 101 of this character set.

   While designing the different characters you can select the pages
   by pressing the c-key, followed by the required letter or number
   key: pressing the small letter e will take you to page 101 etc.

   You can also go to the relevant page directly by first pressing the
   c-key and then typing the required ASCII (page) number on the
   numerical keypad while holding down the Alt key.

   By pressing Shift + or Shift <196> you can page quickly
   through the character set. You can do the same with the function keys
   F7 and F8 and with the two left (forwards) or right (backward)
   mouse-keys.

===> Attention:
   Selecting pages in the textfont editor is only possible when the cursor
   is free: there is no T or E in the top left corner of
   the screen for draw or edit respectively.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.3 Key functions<$Itextfont
   editor;key functions>

a
   horizontal/vertical auxiliary lines on the screen

c
   character selection, followed by the required character or Alt
   xxx, where xxx stands for the ASCII code of the required character
   (32 ... 255), to be typed via the numeric keypad.

e
   activate edit on first coordinate of character

p
   pen up or down in edit function

q
   diagonal auxiliary lines on screen

r
   select ruler 1 ... 3

t
   activate draw (pen on paper)

x
   enter X coordinate

y
   enter Y coordinate

z
   zoom 1 ... 16 (8=default)

=
   activate edit and search for line section under cursor

+/-
   page through datalines (coordinates)

Shift +/-
   page through character sets/pages

   (full stop) grid on/off

F1
   help text on screen

F2
   place finishing point of character

F3
   load a character set from disk

F4
   save a character set on disk

F5
   rewrite screen

F6
   select ruler 3 and set position counters to 0

F7/F8
   to previous/next character (you can also use Shift -/+ or the
   two right/left mouse-keys

F9/F10
   reduce/enlarge cursor stepsize

Ins
   place coordinate point (same as left mouse-key)

Del
   delete coordinate point under cursor in edit function

**************************************************************************



======================  Plotter/Port configuration

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.2 Plotter configuration  TRACEURS.EXE   F9

   It is possible to store the data of 10 different plotters in Layo1.
   The plotter configuration menu F9  has 10 different pages (plot number center bottom).

   You can page through these pages using the + and <196>-key
   or the two left or right mouse-keys.

   All data can be adjusted by selecting them with the mouse and pressing
   the left mouse-key. or Enter key. Once a selection is made,
   the setting can be adjusted using the + and <196>-key
   or the two left or right mouse-keys.

   Layo1 is compatible with plotters that use the HPGL or DMPL standard
   and knows the specifications of a great number of well-known plotters
   that use those standards.

   You can select these in the field plotter name. If your plotter is
   not in the list, you can specify the data here yourself according
   to the documentation of your plotter.

   The port to be used and any communication parameters will usually
   have been specified in the port table already.

X/Y moving presets
   Usually you will want to use the full range of your plotter. If however
   you want to limit that range, you can do so by adjusting the minimum
   or maximum limit. The former relates to the top left corner of the
   screen, the latter to the bottom right corner.

Output example
   This is an example of the commands that will be sent to the plotter.

===> Attention:
   If your plotter is different from Layo1's standard plotters, please
   refer to the documentation of your plotter.
**************************************************************************



======================  Layo1 Setup

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
16.1 Layo1 Setup

   This is Layo1's configuration menu. It will be presented to you when
   you use Layo1 for the first time. It is always possible to make adjustments
   later, if you like: LAYO1E /C

   From Layo1's USER MENU menu

   In the configuration menu you can specify the video board that your
   computer uses and you can specify a number of personal preferences
   (and change them again later).

   Making the adjustments is a simple procedure, as indicated in the
   Help window at the bottom. With the mouse or the arrow keys you select
   one of the items and make your adjustment of the setting with the
   + or <196>-keys. <->Instead of the + and <196>-keys
   you can also use the two left or right mouse-keys respectively.

   For some settings you can only choose between on and off.
   For others there are more possibilities. They will be discussed in
   detail hereafter.

Video board parameters

   Here you select the setting of the video board you are using. The
   first time it will say H12 (EGA) here. Pressing the +
   key twice will set this to H14 (VGA). Please refer to
   the documentation of your video board and screen and any read.me file
   on your Layo1 program disks.

Cursor movement

   Mouse sense can be adjusted separately for text and graphics. The
   following settings are possible: 0 ... 9.

Mouse off
   Please note that setting 0 switches off the mouse completely. If this
   should happen accidentally, use the arrow keys to move to the relevant
   field and adjust the setting using the +-key.

Printer

   This concerns the setting for the dot matrix printer (9 or 24 pins)
   that is used for the checkplots.

Paper
   You can choose from two paper widths: 8 or 13.8 inch.

Bit map mode
   Please refer to the documentation of your printer for this setting.
   There are seven settings:

       60 x 72 dpi (Esc"K")

       72 x 72 dpi (Esc"*5")

       180 x 180 dpi (Esc"*39") (24 pins)

       Laserjet 75 dpi

       Laserjet 100 dpi

       Laserjet 150 dpi

       Laserjet 300 dpi

Screen setting

   The options here are not tied to hardware: you can select and adjust
   to your own liking.

16.1.0.1 Cursor type

   Layo1 features two types of cursors:

SH_a

long-small
   The long cursor in Layo1 consists of two square crossing lines running
   over the entire height and width of the screen. These lines make it
   easier to line up pads, traces and components accurately.

arrow
   The second type of cursor in Layo1 is the arrow. Very useful for selecting
   elements of your design in the editing stage.

16.1.0.2 Pin numbers

Layo1
   Display of pin numbers in pads can be switched on and off.

16.1.0.3 Tool numbers

   Display of tool numbers in pads can be switched on and off.

16.1.0.4 Block numbers

Layo1
   Display of block numbers of components can be switched on and off.

16.1.0.5 Display XY metric

   Display of the cursor coordinates in millimeters in the top right
   corner of the screen can be switched on and off.

16.1.0.6 Display XY inch

   Display of the cursor coordinates in inches in the top right corner
   of the screen can be switched on and off.

16.1.0.7 Display XY mode


r
   Layo1 keeps 3 rulers for you, and these in millimeters and inches
   separately:

absolute
   1. Here the zero point is on the actual corner of your <->design.

screen
   2. Here the zero point is in the top left corner of the screen.

relative
   3. Here the zero point is in the cursor position.

   The selection that you make here defines the ruler that Layo1 starts
   up with. While working you can switch <->between these different rulers
   by pressing the r key: now you can activate rulers 1, 2 and
   3.

16.1.0.8 Auto save time

   Much time and work can be lost because of power failures or other
   mishaps. Therefore, you are recommended to safeguard your work by
   saving it on disk regularly. It is an easy procedure in Layo1. Simply
   pressing F4 will do the trick. However, it easily slips your
   mind when you are absorbed in your work.

   Layo1 will remind you, if you like. Dependent on the set Auto save
   time, Layo1 will ask you if you want to save your work once every
   5 to 60 minutes. The answer yes will allow Layo1 to save your work
   on disk and you can go on with your work. If you answer no, you can
   go on straight away until the set time has run out again and Layo1
   will remind you once again. In the mean time you can always press
   F4 whenever you like.

   The Auto save time can be set from 0 to 60 minutes in steps of 5.

Color table selector

   Each of Layo1 's 16 layers has its own color. You can <->adjust these
   colors as you wish with the help of this option.

   When you select the Color Table Selector you will see a screen with
   the 16 layers and colors displayed in horizontal as well as vertical
   bars. Thus, you can easily see the contrasts between them. Moreover,
   if you press Shift F5 you can see the effect of two overlapping
   colors/layers. You can switch back with F5. With the mouse you
   can <->select a layer and using the two left and right mouse-keys
   (or the + and <196>-keys) you can adjust the color per
   layer.

   Please refer to section 3 for information on the use of the different
   layers.

Save Config Exit

   Pressing the left mouse-key or the Enter-key on this option
   will save the specified configuration menu on disk. Next time, Layo1
   will start up using these settings. If you do not want to save the
   new settings and quit from the configuration menu, just press the
   right mouse-key or the Esc-key.
**************************************************************************



======================  Options

   The mouse-key functions of a  digitizer are:

   Key 1:  same as left mouse-key of ordinary mouse

   Key 2:  center in cursor position

   Key 3:  move cursor

   Key 4:  enter
**************************************************************************



======================  Appendices

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
18.1 Netlist

   An example of a netlist, as generated by Calay compatible scheme designers
   such as e.g. OrCAD SDT:

   TUTOR.NET

    /N00001 U4(8) U2(6) U5(1) U4(2);

   /N00002 U5(12) U4(5);

   /N00003 U5(8) U4(4);

   /N00004 U4(6) U1(5);

   /N00005 U3(1) U2(11);

   /N00006 U3(2) U3(5) U3(10) U3(13) U4(3);

   /N00007 U3(4) U2(10);

   /N00008 U2(9) U3(9);

   /N00009 U4(9);

   /N00010 U4(10);

   /N00011 U5(10);

   /N00012 U2(1) U1(1);

   /N00013 U2(2) U1(2);

   /N00014 U1(6);

   /N00015 U1(4) U2(5);

   /N00016 U3(3);

   /N00017 U3(6);

   /N00018 U3(8);

   /N00019 U2(4) U4(1);

   /N00020 U3(11);

   /VCC U4(14) U3(14) U2(16) U1(16) U5(14);

   /GND U4(7) U3(7) U2(8) U1(8) U1(3) U5(7);

   /N00023 U1(15);

   /N00024 U1(14);

   /N00025 U1(13);

   /N00026 U1(12);

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18.2 Component list

   An example of a component list, as generated by Calay compatible scheme
   designers such as e.g. OrCAD SDT:

   TUTOR.CMP

    74LS00         U4  shape -X- -Y- 0

    74LS08        U3  shape -X- -Y- 0

    74LS138        U1  shape -X- -Y- 0

    74LS138        U2  shape -X- -Y- 0

    TIME DELAY         U5  shape -X- -Y- 0

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18.3 Library files

   Example of a library file:

   TTL.LIB

    74LS00

    74LS08

    =\LAYOPLUS\LMC\ACTIVE\DIL-14

    74LS138

    TIME DELAY

    =\LAYOPLUS\LMC\ACTIVE\DIL-16

   Such a library file can be created with an ordinary word processor,
   on condition that it is saved as an ASCII file.

   On every line there is the name of a component as used by the scheme.
   After this name or group of names the next line contains the name
   of the corresponding Layo1 component, complete with full path name
   and preceded by the =-sign. Components names are not allowed
   to begin with the =-sign.

   Once you import a component list of a new design in Layo1, the
   program will look for the right Layo1 components in the libraries
   specified in the PCB configuration and place them.

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18.4 Hints and tricks

   There may be some hints in this section that might be of practical
   use to you.

Making a copper face

   Draw the first line of the copper face. Select the line in Multi Function
   and copy it next to each other as often as necessary. A rectangle
   appears. Using a window you can adjust the <169>ends<170> of the face
   if necessary.

Two layers next to each other

   Suppose you want the two layers of a double-layer PCB next to each
   other on the screen. This is what you do. Switch off layer 1 by typing
   d F1. Now place a window around the print in Multi Function,
   within the corner lines, and make a copy of layers 2 and 15 next to
   the <->original drawing. Now type d a.

Making a text plate

   It is a simple procedure in Layo1 to make a text plate for a test
   casing or a test series. For a carrier take clear LEXAN plate, or
   single-sided matted plot film. Make the plot in reverse. (I.e. on
   the <169>back<170> of the carrier). Spray a covering paint on the
   plot in the color required for the text plate. Use synthetic paint,
   e.g. a spray-can. Apply a film of glue on the front plate which has
   already been drilled. Use spray glue or adhesive film. The latter
   is available on peel-off carriers. Now carefully apply the plot to
   the front plate: the paint on the glue. Now you have a neat smear-proof
   text plate. If you use colors the results will be even more beautiful.

PCBs with irregular shapes

   It will often happen that a PCB does not have a rectangular shape.
   In that case you can define the irregular shape with pads that you
   place so close together that their (big) hole diameters overlap.

   Of course, it would be much better if your PCB could be cut in the
   right shape by the PCB manufacturer. In that case draw the required
   shape of the PCB e.g. on layer 12 (higher than 7 in any case) and
   make a separate plot file of this layer to send to the PCB manufacturer
   together with the other data.

Increasing working speed

   The working speed of Layo1 (not the junior version) can be increased
   significantly by placing the following files on a RAM-disk (if possible)
   before starting Layo1:

       LAYO1EDI.EXE

   and all files with a .LPU and .DAT extension.

   Consult your DOS manual on how to set up a RAM-disk.

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18.5 Problems

Autorouter draws tracks missing
   the pads

   The Autorouter works on a basis of a 1/20 or 1/40 inch grid. If any
   pads were placed (e.g. while drawing the components) while a smaller
   stepsize was active, there is a great risk that they will be placed
   just missing the Autorouter grid which results in faulty connections.

The Autorouter does not work

   First draw a window around the design: this will define the area in
   which the Autorouter is allowed to draw its tracks.

The Autorouter <169>hangs<170> the computer

   Difficult connections may take some time. Especially when the Lee-router
   is activated and large error values are set. If it takes to long just
   press Esc.

Move/copy/delete pad does not work

   Pads that belong to components that have been imported via a netlist
   and a component list in Layo1 cannot be manipulated.

F1 does not work

   Help-key F1 will only work if you are working in a function
   within the Layo1 Editor. It will not work whenever there is a menu
   or submenu on the screen.

Multi Function does not
   work

   In Multi Function you can manipulate parts of your <->design. As long
   as your screen is blank there is little to be done for Multi Function:
   it will not work.

Plot open pads does not work

   If you have specified that the pads are to remain open (drilling hole)
   for the plotting and this is not the case everywhere, you may have
   drawn a track across these pads without placing a coordinate point
   in that track (with Ins or the left mouse-key).

Plotting from a plot file does not work

   If you do not send your design to a plotter directly but to a plot
   file and if you want to send it from DOS via a <->serial port to a
   plotter later, please see to it that the serial port is defined as
   the printer port and that the settings of baudrate, bits, stopbits
   and parity are correct. You can <->adjust these parameters with the
   DOS command MODE.

Lost drawing

   After all kinds of manipulations it may happen that you cannot get
   your drawing back on to the screen: it is in an off-screen position.
   The following series of keystrokes will help you: z z d a. The first
   key will activate the zoom function, the second z (or middle
   mouse click) puts your entire design (if it has corners) in the centre
   of the screen, d and a will then display all layers.

   If your design doesn't have corners yet try this: z F1 d a.

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18.6 Layo1 help guide

Pads
   Pad nr    in inches    in millimeters

   0     <+>3/80    0.95

   1 ... 4     <+>8/80 x 5/80     2.54 x 1.59

   5 and 6    11/80 x 5/80     3.49 x 1.59

   7    <+>5/80    1.59

   8    <+>7/80    2.22

   9    <+>9/80    1.27

   10    11/80    3.49

   11    13/80    4.13

   12    15/80    4.75

   13    17/80    5.40

   14    19/80    6.03

   15    21/80     6.67

   Here you can see the pads in actual size

Tool symbols
**************************************************************************

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.1 Editor key functions

Ins
   Adds a dataline when drawing, editing and copying. Usually the left
   mouse-key.

Enter
   This command does not add a dataline but concludes a trace. Usually
   the right mouse-key.

Del
   Deletes dataline/spot/coordinate in cursor position.

F1 ... F10
   In addition to the functions listed hereunder, the function-keys can
   also be used to select a zoom factor, a spot, a pen or a tool number.
   However, this is only possible when the relevant menu line is on-screen.
   F1 will then select zoom factor, pen, spot, tool number or layer
   1. For selections over 10, use Shift F1 etc.

F1
   Displays current mouse functions.

F2
   Places or removes a via (connection between top and underside of the
   design) in the cursor position.

F3
   Loads a component from the databank in the Advance function.

F4
   Saves layout or component.

F5
   This function-key rewrites the picture: it is especially useful to
   rewrite the picture after placing and removing traces.

F6
   This gives the current cursor position the coordinates 0.0 which makes
   it simple to measure the distance between parts of your design with
   the cursor. You can reset the original coordinates by pressing r
   1.

F7
   Selects layer 1 (or a layer defined by yourself, cf. Shift F7).

F8
   Selects layer 2 (or a layer defined by yourself, cf. Shift F8).

F9
   Reduces the stepsize in inches. Not within the Autorouter where the
   stepsize is fixed at 1/20 or 1/40 inch.

   In millimeters: selects the defined stepsize (10 steps) with Shift
   F9.

F10
   Enlarges the cursor stepsize in inches. As F9.

Shift F5
   Switches between overlapping and mixed color display.

Shift F7 / F8
   Selects a layer that can then be activated with F7/F8.

Shift F9 / F10
   Defines the stepsizes in millimeters for F9/F10.

Ctrl F1
   Resets ratsnest (removes layer 14) in Layo1.

Ctrl F2
   New ratsnest of the spot in the cursor position, with new calculated
   shortest connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F3
   New ratsnest of component at cursor, with new calculated shortest
   connections in Layo1.

Ctrl F4
   Updates the ratsnest in Layo1. All made connections are
   removed from the ratsnest, so that you can easily spot which connections
   have not yet been made.

Ctrl F6
   Checks all connections according to the netlist in Layo1.
   Faulty connections are marked with a small cross on layer 13.

a
   Places or removes horizontal and vertical auxiliary lines on the screen.

b
   Selects a block (component) in order to move or rotate it.

c
   Centers the screen in the cursor position.

d
   Displays the use of the layers. You can specify for each layer whether
   or not it is to be displayed. You can do this with the mouse or with
   function-keys F1 ... Shift F5. To display all layers first press
   d, then a. To switch off all layers, first press d,
   then c.

f
   Centers cursor on the screen when the cursor is free (not while drawing,
   editing and placing spots).

i
   Switches from millimeters to inches.

l
   Selects one of the layers. Selection can then be made with the mouse
   or with function-keys F1 ... Shift F5.

m
   Switches from inches to millimeters.

n
   Answers no to yes/no questions.

p
   Selects pen number/diameter. Selection can then be made with the mouse
   or function-keys F1 ... F7.

   When moving: new zero point.

q
   Places or removes diagonal auxiliary lines in the cursor position.

r
   Ruler selection. You can select one from settings 1 ... 3:

   1: sets zero point back to original 0,0 coordinate

   2: sets zero point to coordinates of top left corner

   3: sets zero point to current cursor position

   In fact, Layo1 has 6 rulers because the three rulers mentioned above
   are all kept up-to-date in inches as well as millimeters.

s
   While placing spots: select a spot. Selection can then be made
   with the mouse or the function-keys F1 ... Shift F5.

   In Advance the s-key is used to activate the function
   for placing spots. Once this function is active, this key works as
   described above.

t
   While placing spots or editing: select tool number. Selection
   can then be made with the mouse or the function-keys F1 ... F7.

   In Advance the t-key is used to activate the draw function
   of Layo1. While <->placing spots in Advance this keys works as described
   above.

w
   Activates the window function in Advance, draw and elsewhere,
   and simultaneously sets the starting point to the current cursor position.
   Then, it is similar to pressing the two outer mouse-keys, in which
   latter case it is still possible to select the starting point with
   the cursor.

x
   Change the cursor position on the X-axis by typing the new position.

y
   Idem, but now for the Y-axis.

   Answers yes to yes/no questions.

z
   Zoom setting (n = normal/Enter = center). Usually this
   function is activated by pressing the middle mouse-key.

=
   In Advance: searches a drawn symbol, near the cursor, in order
   to edit by means of commands to be specified. Simultaneously pressing
   the three mouse-keys has the same function. Cf. Edit.

+
   Pages forward through datalines while editing a design. Usually, the
   two left mouse-keys are used.

-
   Pages backwards through datalines while editing a design. Usually,
   the two right mouse-keys are used.

*
   (Asterisk) Places cursor on nearest point within the current stepsize.

**
   (Two asterisks) Centers cursor on nearest grid point.

,
   (Comma) Switches component imprint (layer 8) on/off on the screen.

;
   (Semicolon) Switches layer 9 (texts) on/off on the screen.

.
   (Full stop) Grid display on/off.

Esc
   Concludes current activity. This will usually take you to the main
   menu. This command is usually given with the right mouse-key.











Spots
   Spot nr    in inches    in millimeters

   0     <+>3/80    0.95 (via)

   1 ... 4     <+>8/80 x 5/80     2.54 x 1.59

   5 and 6    11/80 x 5/80     3.49 x 1.59

   7    <+>5/80    1.59

   8    <+>7/80    2.22

   9    <+>9/80    1.27

   10    11/80    3.49

   11    13/80    4.13

   12    15/80    4.75

   13    17/80    5.40

   14    19/80    6.03

   15    21/80     6.67

   Here you can see the spots in actual size















Tool- symbols


To plot out via TRACEURS

hgpl or other plotter

DRILLMENU


Each tool is represented by a cross with closed side clockwise different for each tool